写作方法2018lastwordonnothing.com编辑精选
芬克拜纳测试：撰写职业女性报道的工具
The Finkbeiner Test: A Tool for Writing About Women in their Professions
导读
文章介绍“芬克拜纳测试”：报道女性专业人士时，把性别、家庭、外貌等描述替换到男性身上，若显得荒谬就说明这些内容不该进入报道。它值得写作者读，因为它提供了一把简单的尺子，帮助检视人物报道中的隐性偏见，并提醒我们区分专业报道与人物特写。
可以直接用的写作要点
- 01
把描述女性对象的句子换成男性，如果读起来荒谬，这句话就不该出现在报道里。
- 02
先写专业成果、方法与影响，再考虑性别、家庭、外貌等背景，且背景不能喧宾夺主。
- 03
动笔前明确文章是“专业报道”还是“人物特写”，并让读者知道焦点是什么。
- 04
配图也遵循同一标准：能用成果或产品图时，不要只因对象是女性就改用大头照。
HN 评论精选
人物角度本身合法，但必须区分体裁并明示焦点，别让人情味压过专业内容。
讨论混乱在于没区分两类文章：一类聚焦技术，一类聚焦“人情味”。写特斯拉可以谈摄像头与激光雷达的局限，也可以谈它如何与丰田、大众竞争；后者不是贬低技术，而是另一种读者兴趣。写女性在男性主导行业中的成功，确实有真实独特的挑战值得写；问题在于读者更爱看人情味而非科学，且记者没 upfront 说明自己写的是哪类文章，或自己也没弄清。
rayiner查看英文原文
Where this discussion gets confused is that it fails to recognize that there are actually two different issues and two different kinds of articles at issue. To make the discussion neutral, instead of women in science let's talk about startups. There are many (but at least two) kinds of articles about startups. Ones that focus on the technology, and ones that focus on the "human interest" angle. There are articles about Tesla that focus on the limitations of cameras-only versus LIDAR. And there are articles about how Tesla is racing against much bigger and established competitors like Toyota and Volkswagen. The latter kind of article is not a diminution of Tesla's technology, but rather one that focuses on an entirely different sort of topic that might interest readers for different reasons. There is nothing illegitimate about these human interest articles. Succeeding as a women in a male-dominated profession in fact presents real and unique challenges that merit writing about, just as succeeding as a startup in a field dominated by entrenched incumbents presents challenges worth writing about. Where articles about "X in science" get in trouble is that (1) people care a lot more about the human interest angle than about the science; and (2) journalists aren't up front about what kind of article they are writing, or are themselves confused about what kind of article they are writing.
用性别对调检验，评价应回到工作表现而非身份标签。
完全同意。每次读到通不过这个测试的内容，我都会把它当成身份政治而弃读。一个人工作出色，就该赞扬其表现；过度聚焦男女、黑白、贫富等身份，只会让人无法就事论事。
unit91查看英文原文
> Take the things that are said about a female subject and flip them around as if they were said about a male. If they sound ridiculous, then chances are good they have no business in the story. Exactly. Every time I read something that fails this test, I can't help but dismiss it as identity politics. If somebody does great work, let's praise the performance. All this focus on male/female, black/white, rich/poor, etc. only creates an environment where people can't think straight about the issue at hand.
配图选择也会暴露偏见：女性常被头像化，男性则更多以成果或产品呈现。
我还注意到，有些公司明明可以用产品照片，文章却用女性的大头照；男性对象这种情况少得多……他们甚至宁愿配一张俗气的“AI”图，也不用头像。
ggg9990查看英文原文
Another thing I’ve noticed is articles using large headshots of women for companies where they could use product photos. With men it’s much rarer... they even prefer to run cheesy graphics of “AI” instead of headshots.
家庭信息不是禁忌，关键是别让它喧宾夺主、挤掉专业内容。
作为有家庭的男性科学家，我不介意报道提到我是“两个孩子的慈爱父亲”之类，只要它不占据全文、不偏离真正的科学。家庭是值得骄傲的。
xamuel查看英文原文
As a male scientist with a family, I wouldn't mind if someone wrote news articles about my work and mentioned I'm "a loving father of two" or whatever. Just as long as it doesn't dominate the whole article and distract from the actual science. A family is something to be proud of!
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