写作方法2022covingtoninnovations.com编辑精选
如何写得更清楚、想得更清楚，并学会复杂材料（PDF）
How to write more clearly, think more clearly, and learn complex material [pdf]
导读
这份 PDF 讨论如何把文章写清楚、把思路理清楚，并用写作来学习复杂材料。高赞评论补充了很具体的操作原则：删冗余、先给结论、用准确词汇、把段落主旨放在开头，以及通过大量阅读和段落训练提升复杂主题的写作能力。适合想改善说明文、邮件和技术写作的写作者阅读。
可以直接用的写作要点
- 01
删掉不必要的词，拒绝装腔作势的表达，让句子更直接有力。
- 02
每段第一句放主旨；写邮件或提请求时，第一句先说结论或诉求。
- 03
只使用自己确切理解含义的词，避免用废话掩盖混乱思路。
- 04
通过大量阅读优秀范例、练习段落连贯性，来提升复杂主题的写作能力。
HN 评论精选
清晰写作的关键是删减冗余、准确用词，并让段落主旨和重点一目了然。
要点：1）提升写作最好的方法之一是学会删掉不必要的词；2）装腔作势的写作是坏写作，会削弱你和读者的脑力；3）不要使用你并不确切知道含义的词；4）如果你的文字是废话，也许你的想法也是废话；5）让表达清晰可读：把每段主旨放在第一句；6）假装你在写教科书，组织知识、学习很像写一本书；7）我常最后写引言，等我知道引言要介绍什么之后再写；8）绝不要把读者的注意力引向非重点。
westcort查看英文原文
Key takeaways: 1. One of the best ways to improve your writing is to learn how to cut out words that are not necessary 2. Stuffy writing is bad writing! It lowers the power of your brain and mine! 3. What words should you never use in writing? Words whose exact meanings you don’t know! Never use a word unless you know EXACTLY what it means 4. If your writing is nonsense, maybe your thoughts are nonsense too! 5. To keep things clear and readable: Put the main point of each paragraph in its first sentence 6. Pretend you’re writing a textbook! That’s how I ended up writing so many books...Organizing knowledge Learning is a lot like writing a book 7. I often write the introduction last, after I know what it will introduce! 8. Never draw the reader’s eye to anything that is not the main point
邮件和请求应先说结论或诉求，再补充叙事背景。
写邮件时，你通常要么想让对方知道某事，要么想让对方做某事，所以第一句就直说。好例子：“供参考，我们的 etcd 集群坏了，但正在修复。”坏例子则从早上查邮件、检查节点、内核崩溃一路叙述，最后才说集群挂了。后者是“叙事本能”：人天生爱讲故事，但故事结尾往往才是应该放开头的信息（“集群挂了！”）。请求也一样：好例子：“能给我换一台新显示器吗？现在这台不停闪，我头疼。”坏例子则先讲昨天头疼早退、采购流程、60Hz 与刷新率共振等，最后才提请求。
brian_cunnie查看英文原文
This is my writing gem: when you send an email, you either want them to know something or do something, so say that in the first sentence: Good: "FYI, our etcd cluster is broken, but we're working to fix it." Bad: "I came in this morning, and while I was going through my emails when I saw a message about one of the nodes in our cluster. So I checked it out, and sure enough it was down, and I went to the console and saw the kernel had panicked, so I ... [much further down] and that's when I realized our etcd cluster was down." The later is what I call The Narrative: people have a natural inclination to tell a story, but the irony is that usually what's at the end of the story is the thing that should be first ("the cluster is down!"). Similarly when asking for something: Good: "Could you please get me a new monitor? I'm getting headaches from the current one's constant flickering" Bad: "I had a headache yesterday, so I had to leave early—I hope that's okay. Anyway, I'm not sure about the purchase requisition process. I think there's a resonating frequency between the 60Hz electric system and my monitor's refresh rate, but I'm not an electrical engineer. By the way, the new chair is great ..."
复杂写作需要大量阅读范例，并训练段落作为连贯整体的能力，短句平台会限制这种能力。
成为更好写作者的有用第一步，尤其是写复杂主题时：删掉 Twitter 账号，别再读 Twitter 线程；字数限制会扼杀创造力和复杂性。这个演讲还漏掉一个必要条件：大量阅读。写复杂科技主题时，你心里要有读过的优秀文本作范例：其他作者做了什么让你喜欢、让你记住？也要有要避免的坏例子。比如作者认为 Barry Cunliffe 的《By Steppe, Desert, and Ocean》是优秀通俗历史书，写历史类东西前会先翻一翻。关于 Twitter 的重点是：要成为像样的写作者，必须练就把段落写成连贯整体的能力，而 Twitter 只允许句子（还很短），不允许段落。段落应有内在凝聚力，帮助读者吸收概念；掌握后再把段落串起来、调整顺序，构建读者能跟随的路径。
photochemsyn查看英文原文
One useful first step in becoming a better writer - in particular if your subject is complex - is to to delete your Twitter account and never look at another Twitter thread. Character limits kill creativity and complexity. The presentation does leave out one very necessary requirement for becoming a good-to-great writer: you have to do a lot of reading. If you're going to write about a complex scientific or technical subject, you should have some examples in mind of great texts that you've read. What did other writers do that you liked or that stuck with you? Equally true, what are some really bad examples, some things to avoid? For example, here's what I think is an excellent popular history book, and if I ever wrote something with a historical bent, I'd flip though it first: "By Steppe, Desert, and Ocean: The Birth of Eurasia" by Barry Cunliffe https://www.amazon.com/Steppe-Desert-Ocean-Birth-Eurasia/dp/0199689172 The point about Twitter is really this: you have to develop the skill of composing a paragraph as a coherent entity in order to become a decent writer, and Twitter doesn't allow for paragraphs, just sentences (and short ones at that). Paragraphs should have an internal cohesion to help the reader absorb the concept being presented. Once you have that, you can start chaining paragraphs together, reordering the sequence of paragraphs, with the goal of constructing a path that the reader can follow through the whole essay or chapter. Getting the order right is important for complex topics, as point D might rely on a good understanding of points A and B, and so on. Your goal should be to make the reader feel smart. Of course that's just advice for non-fiction writing; if you're doing fiction or poetry basically anything goes. The public might like it or hate it, but the literary critics can safely be ignored.
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