语言与文风2019autograms.net
Autograms:会自我枚举的句子
Autograms: Self-enumerating Sentences
导读
这篇介绍“自枚举句子/自描述句”(autogram):句子用文字统计自身字母或字符出现次数,并让陈述为真;站点还给出大量例子和变体。对写作者来说,它把严苛的计数约束、自我指涉和文字游戏变成创作方法,能训练精确用词与结构意识。
可以直接用的写作要点
- 01
先设定可检验的硬约束(如字母计数、句式或结尾),再让语言围绕约束生长,能逼出更精确、更有惊喜的表达。
- 02
把自我指涉当作结构装置:让文本谈论自身,可制造谜题感、读者参与感和可验证的趣味。
- 03
约束写作往往需要反复试算和修改,把草稿视为“求解过程”,记录每次迭代如何改变句意与长度。
- 04
可做小练习:为自己或团队写一句“自描述”介绍,要求它准确统计自身字母或字数;先短后长。
HN 评论精选
自枚举句子的解空间巨大,可用程序穷举或搜索;自描述队名示例展示约束写作的趣味。
有一种高效生成这类句子的方法(这些句子大概产自90年代):https://selfreferentialsentences.blogspot.com/。作者说用了二元决策图,但我没弄明白如何把它用到这个问题上,很想知道别人会怎么处理。可能解的空间极其庞大。我写了个程序,估计能在一个月内穷举给定“前缀”的所有解(其他解多用概率搜索)。运行12小时后,我找到我认为最好的酒吧问答队名:“这个酒吧问答队名有七个a、两个b、一个c、两个d、三十二个e、五个f、一个g、五个h、十个i、一个j、一个k、两个l、三个m、二十二个n、十七个o、一个p、一个q、五个r、二十二个s、二十二个t、一个u、九个v、十一个w、一个x、五个y和一个z。”
jryb查看英文原文
There's a way to generate these super efficiently (presumably, since these were made in the 90s): https://selfreferentialsentences.blogspot.com/ The author claims they used binary decision diagrams, but I haven't figured out how they were able to apply them to this problem. I'd be interested to know if anyone knows how you might approach this. The space of possible solutions is truly astronomical. I was able to write a program (https://github.com/jimrybarski/autogram) that I estimate could exhaustively enumerate all solutions for a given "prefix" in about a month (all other solutions I found do a probabilistic search). After 12 hours it found what I would argue is the best possible bar trivia team name: "This bar trivia team name has seven a's, two b's, one c, two d's, thirty-two e's, five f's, one g, five h's, ten i's, one j, one k, two l's, three m's, twenty-two n's, seventeen o's, one p, one q, five r's, twenty-two s's, twenty-two t's, one u, nine v's, eleven w's, one x, five y's and one z."
把自指约束从字母计数扩展到哈希值,句子可以“证明”自己的数字指纹。
我自己的版本是:让句子声明“这句话的 SHA256 以:one、eight、two、a、seven、c 和 nine 开头”,其哈希确实为 182a7c930b0e5227ff8d24b5f4500ff2fa3ee1a57bd35e52d98c6e24c2749ae0(编辑:更好的版本)。
gtrubetskoy查看英文原文
Here is my own version: $ echo -n 'The SHA256 for this sentence begins with: one, eight, two, a, seven, c and nine.' | sha256sum 182a7c930b0e5227ff8d24b5f4500ff2fa3ee1a57bd35e52d98c6e24c2749ae0 (Edit: a better version).
自指句的迭代会走向固定点、循环或发散,说明约束写作是动态系统,结尾等微小设定会改变结果。
还有这类句子:“‘z’是这句话的第一个字母。”对‘z’反复找出该字母所有位置并枚举,会得到有限句,即该过程的固定点。有些固定点不平凡,如“‘f’是这句话的第一个和第七个字母。”我对‘l’迭代时长度有限却找不到固定点,在“第一个和第二十八个”与“第一个和第二十七个”之间来回,两者都不为真;‘c’则在(1、20、56)、(1、52)、(1、22、44)间循环,也都不真。另一些会发散,如‘n’和‘e’,句子尾部每轮爆炸;结果还敏感于句子结尾“letter in this sentence”的假定。最有趣的是‘r’:100轮后长度不爆炸,但若循环则周期很长(我尚未确定)。我还找到“‘a’是这句话的第一个和第十二个字母”这类固定点,它不是从“‘a’是这句话的第一个字母”迭代来的,我觉得像 Eden 构型。
evanb查看英文原文
There are also sentences like 'z' is the first letter of this sentence. z yields a finite sentence, a fixed point of the procedure of finding all the instances of that letter and enumerating their positions. Some find non-trivial fixed points, like 'f' is the first and seventh letter of this sentence. My procedure for 'l' remains finite but finds no fixed point, switching between 'l' is the first and twenty-eighth letter in this sentence 'l' is the first and twenty-seventh letter in this sentence neither of which is true. 'c' cycles through (1st, 20th and 56th), (1st, 52nd), (1st, 22nd, 44th), none of which are true. Others diverge, like 'n' and 'e' 'e' is the first, sixth, [... no fixed point found ...] where the tail of the sentence just explodes on every iteration. What happens is also sensitive to the [presumed] end of the sentence 'letter in this sentence'. The most interesting one is 'r', which doesn't explode in length after 100 iterations but (if it loops, which I haven't established) has a very long period. I also found a few fixed points like 'a' is the first and twelfth letter of this sentence which doesn't come from iterating on "'a' is the first letter of this sentence"; I think it's an Eden.
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