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《武装部队军官》第二十章:写作与演讲(1950)
The Armed Forces Officer Chapter Twenty: Writing and Speaking (1950)
导读
这是1950年美国陆军军官手册《武装部队军官》第二十章「写作与演讲」,讲的是军官如何把想法写清楚、讲明白:用主动语态、说短句、把话说给具体读者听。虽然语境是军队公文,但其中关于清晰、责任归属和简洁表达的建议,对今天写商业文书、技术文档乃至任何说明性写作的读者都直接可用。
可以直接用的写作要点
- 01
尽量用主动语态,让读者一眼看出「谁负责什么」,这在合同、公文和汇报中尤其重要。
- 02
别为了显得专业而堆砌大词;先想清楚读者是谁,再决定用词,越是复杂的概念越要用简单句讲清楚。
- 03
把「能驾驭语言」当作职业能力的一部分:写不清楚往往意味着没想清楚,工程师、管理者都一样。
- 04
好文字的魅力常来自简单句和短句,而不是炫技的长句和生僻词。
HN 评论精选
读写能力是技术职业的基本功,写不好就做不好专业工作。
我高中时祖父给过我一个建议。他1950到80年代是无线电通信工程师,退休时已是管理数百人的项目经理。他对当时刚迷上IT、很可能入行的我说得很简单:「学会好好读、好好写。写不好,就当不成好工程师。」这个建议价值无法估量。
ckozlowski查看英文原文
My grandfather gave me some advice when I was in high school. He was a radio and communications engineer from the 1950s to 80s. By the time he retired, he'd worked as a program manager with a staff of hundreds. His advice to me, a budding IT enthusiast and likely heading for a career in such, was simple: "Learn to read and write well. You can't be a good engineer if you can't write well." It was invaluable advice.
主动语态的核心价值是明确责任归属,商业与法律写作同样适用。
这是1950年的文本。可以对照2017年的一份同类指南,那份可操作性更强(虽然是用PPT写的)。文中很多内容在商业写作里同样适用,比如使用主动语态——它往往能让人看清谁对事情负责,这在合同等文件中很重要。
KineticLensman查看英文原文
(1950). Interesting to compare this with a 2017 equivalent [0] which contains a lot more actionable guidance (written in PowerPoint). A lot of this is relevant in commercial writing, e.g. the use of active voice - which tends to make it clear who has responsibility for things. Important in contracts, etc. [0] https://www.jmu.edu/uwc/tutor-resources/MSL202L15%20Writing%20in%20the%20Army%20Style.pdf
驾驭文字的能力是一种领导力。
「能驱使文字为己所用的人,离驱使他人为己所用也不远了。」
captain_price7查看英文原文
> Men who can command words to serve their thoughts and feelings are well on their way to commanding men to serve their purposes.
简单句和短句比大词更有力量,把复杂讲简单才是真本事。
这篇读起来像是直接出自1946年的《朴素说话的艺术》。我十多年前读到那本书,它对我们的写作方式影响很大。人总想用大词让自己显得更专业,一部分是要考虑读者;但即便面对能看懂复杂表达的听众,你也有让信息变模糊的风险。费曼就懂这一点,他的杰出之处很大程度在于把难懂的想法讲简单。我第一次真正接触「用简单清晰的句子写作」,来自Cliff Stoll:人们以为《杜鹃蛋》是代笔的,他在《硅谷沉浮》里谈了让文字读起来愉快的原因,我印象最深的就是简单和短句。
gdubs查看英文原文
This reads like it’s straight from “The Art of Plain Talk”, 1946. [1] I picked up that book over a decade ago, and it had a big effect on the way I write. There’s a temptation to use big words to sound more professional. Part of it is understanding your audience. But even when speaking to a crowd that can grasp the meaning of fancier language, you risk clouding your message. Feynman understood this. A big part of his brilliance was taking hard ideas and making them simple. My first real introduction to the idea of writing with simple, clear sentences came from Cliff Stoll. People thought the Cuckoo’s Egg was ghostwritten. In Silicon Snake Oil he shared thoughts on what made his writing so enjoyable. What I remember most is simplicity. And short sentences. 1: https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/1862302.Art_of_Plain_Talk
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