出版与作家生涯2021bbc.com编辑精选
石黑一雄警告年轻作家因“恐惧”而自我审查
Sir Kazuo Ishiguro warns of young authors self-censoring out of 'fear'
导读
石黑一雄提醒年轻作者因“恐惧”而自我审查，即这条帖子讨论的核心。评论区把话题从个人心理引向行业生态：出版界、MFA（艺术硕士）圈子的敏感度审读与网络围攻，会让作者在动笔前就先删改自己。写作者值得一读，因为它讲的不是抽象的道德争论，而是具体的“哪些题材不敢碰、哪些句子先删掉”的日常机制。
可以直接用的写作要点
- 01
写第一稿时先把“读者会怎么骂我”这个念头关掉，把自我审查留到修改阶段再处理，否则题材和语气在起笔时就被削平了。
- 02
对敏感题材，先想清楚自己要写的具体经验和人物，而不是先给自己贴标签或抢占立场，具体经验比姿态更抗得住争议。
- 03
留意自己下意识回避的题材清单，那往往是你的写作盲区，也可能是最有个人特质的方向。
- 04
保存被删掉的段落和放弃的选题，定期回看：判断哪些是合理的自我修正，哪些只是恐惧。
- 05
关注出版流程中的“敏感度审读”等环节如何改变文本，投稿前想清楚哪些修改你可以接受、哪些不可以。
HN 评论精选
用伊莎贝尔·法尔被围攻的实例说明：出版圈的审查压力不只是抽象说法，它会真实地毁掉一篇作品和作者。
如果你和出版业或创意艺术圈（比如 MFA 项目）的人聊过，就会发现石黑一雄说的很可能就是他自己那个行业里的事。圈外人知道这些动态，但出版界是另一个量级。一个典型例子：伊莎贝尔·法尔（Isabel Fall）的科幻小说《我性认同为攻击直升机》。她是一位跨性别女性作者，发表时尚未公开身份。小说涉及性别认同，并带有明显的讽刺意味，结果她遭到大量网络攻击，被指责挪用、嘲弄性别认同议题——原因很简单：公众当时并不知道她是跨性别者。这篇小说其实通过了“敏感度审读”，但网络反应依然恶劣。批评和网络霸凌是两回事，她遭遇的显然属于后者。她最终撤下了小说，后来身份公开，围绕这件事的指责和批评也随之反复改写。
dogman144查看英文原文
If you talk to someone who works/worked in publishing or the creative arts scenes (MFA programs, etc.), you'll see that KI is likely specifically addressing that crowd - his industry. I think a lot of the general populace is aware of the dynamics that he's talking about, but in publishing it's another world/level. Interesting example that's the norm in the space: the story "I Sexually Identify as an Attack Helicopter" by Isabel Fall. Bear with me as I likely butcher the pronouns/terms etc, but my intent is earnest and well meaning here... Isabel is a trans woman author. She/they weren't out when that story was published in a scifi mag. The story makes some pretty obvious references to sexual/gender identity, and the writing has very specific commentary and sometimes mockery. Isabel, not known to be trans at the time, faced a torrent of online abuse for ~appropriating/joking about/exploring concepts about gender identity. The motivation was pretty clear: Isabel wasn't trans (as far as the public knew). The story had passed some "sensitivity readings" too (yes, sensitivity readers are another interesting area to explore), but the online reception was still awful. There's also a difference between criticism vs. outright internet abuse. Isabel's experiences were pretty firmly in the latter. The author took down the story, I believe came out or the news outed her/they, and the details go on (finger pointing, revisions of criticism about the story given light of the author's gender, etc.). The point of all this is that's an insane dynamic to create in, and that's the tip of the iceberg really with what Publishing is going through. Young Adult fiction is apparently one of the ground zeros for this dynamic.
取消文化之所以有效，是因为它把压制从外部惩罚转移成了作者的自我审查。
几乎所有人都说取消文化不好，但很少有人愿意正面应对它。我能理解它为什么有效：从冷静客观的角度看，一个使用取消文化的意识形态非常擅长消灭反对声音——你在私下可以想任何事，但在公开场合会因为恐惧而自我审查。改变需要足够多的人站出来，而取消文化恰恰擅长让个体不敢开口，因为后果可能毁掉你的生活。所以我怀疑它会长期存在，因为下一个意识形态也会发现它是好用的工具。
BitwiseFool查看英文原文
I genuinely wonder what cancel culture is going to look like in the next 5-10 years and beyond. Just about everyone I speak to about the subject agrees that cancel culture is bad but very few people seem willing to confront it. I sense that people hope the rest of society will come to its senses and we all stop being so judgemental. But as much as I loathe cancel culture and it's chilling effects on the free exchange of ideas, I can't help but admit that it seems to work. From a detached and objective standpoint, an ideology that utilizes cancel culture is really good at stamping out opposition. You are free to think and believe whatever you want in private and then you self-censor in public out of fear. It takes a certain critical mass of people to affect change and cancel culture excels at keeping individuals from speaking out because the consequences have the potential to ruin your life. So all that being said, I genuinely wonder if cancel culture is here to stay, because the next ideology to come along will also realize how powerful of a tool it is.
“取消文化”并非新事物，也不专属于某一派；写作者应看清这是反复出现的群体压力模式，而非当下特有的道德危机。
“取消文化”被当成新现象或“左派强加给社会的新东西”，这很令人意外。我们一直都有取消文化：南方小鸡乐队、Dunkin' Donuts 撤下的蕾秋·雷广告（只因画面看起来像阿拉伯头巾）、靠推动抵制成名的杰瑞·法威尔，以及北卡罗来纳州那种“报纸编辑写了正面报道自由贸易的稿子就丢工作”的常态。再往前还有麦卡锡主义、图灵因同性恋被起诉，例子数不完。取消文化一直存在；只不过现在被抵制的不再只是“支持同性婚姻”的人，思想自由交流才突然变得重要起来。 hypocrisy 才是最大的新闻。
bachmeier查看英文原文
Surprising how much press "cancel culture" gets these days as if it's a new thing or as if it's a new thing being pushed on society by the left. We've always had cancel culture. Some might remember the Dixie Chicks. How about the Rachael Ray ad that Dunkin Donuts pulled merely because it looked like an Arab scarf? Jerry Falwell came to prominence entirely based on his pushing of cancel culture. When I lived in North Carolina, one of the things that was repeated all the time was that a newspaper editor would lose his job for publishing a story with a positive spin on free trade. You can go back further to McCarthyism, Turing being prosecuted for being gay, and on and on. Cancel culture remains a thing. Apparently now that folks aren't just being cancelled for supporting gay marriage, the free exchange of ideas is suddenly important. The outright hypocrisy of so many on this issue is the biggest story. Edit: Forgot to mention this extreme example of cancel culture: https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/professor-who-wore-hijab-us-christian-college-resigns A professor was cancelled because she wore a hijab. There was no outrage at all from the usual suspects.
读者对道德规训的耐心会耗尽，敢于冒犯的写作会在反弹期重新获得读者。
媒体和文化机构似乎在努力培养一批会对“取消文化”产生反弹的人。他们以为人们会心甘情愿地无限遵守越来越长的任意规则。如果要我打赌，我猜 2025 或 2030 年左右会出现朋克态度的回潮：总有一天堤坝会溃决，人们不再在意这些。我已经感觉 13 到 19 岁那代人对这套东西有点厌倦了。
keiferski查看英文原文
I find it almost funny how the media/culture/etc. seems determined to build a group of people that will react negatively to so-called "cancel culture." They seem to think that people will gladly follow the ever-growing list of arbitrary rules indefinitely. If I were a betting man, I'd predict a resurgence in punk attitudes in about 2025 or 2030. At some point, the dam will break and people will stop caring. I already get a sense that the 13-19 generation is a bit tired of it.
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