小说与文学2022gutenberg.net.au编辑精选
乔治·奥威尔1940年对《我的奋斗》的书评
George Orwell’s 1940 Review of Mein Kampf
导读
这是奥威尔 1940 年对《我的奋斗》的书评，他没有简单谴责，而是认真分析希特勒的宣传手法为何奏效、又暴露了哪些思维特征。值得写作者一读，是因为它示范了如何在强烈反对一个对象时仍保持精确的观察与诚实的自我描述；同时 HN 上的讨论还牵出一桩出版方删改原文的风波，提醒我们引文伦理的重要。
可以直接用的写作要点
- 01
引用他人原文时不要把最刺眼、最不合己方立场的那句话用省略号吃掉——奥威尔那句“我始终无法讨厌希特勒”被删掉，恰好抹去了全文最有张力的部分。
- 02
写批评要先还原对方的逻辑与吸引力，再指出其破绽；奥威尔承认希特勒“有某种深深吸引人之处”，反而让后面的剖析更有说服力。
- 03
把判断建立在具体文本细节和自身体验上，而不是立场表态，这样的分析才可能几十年后仍值得重读。
- 04
敢于在文章中记录自己的矛盾心理（想杀他，却无个人仇恨），这种诚实是文章可信度的来源。
HN 评论精选
转载者用省略号悄悄删掉最关键的段落，是对原文的“阉割”，引用必须核对原文。
版主把链接从 bookmarks.reviews 换成了未经删改的原文：该网站转载时删掉了奥威尔“我始终无法讨厌希特勒……如果能靠近他我一定会杀他，但我对他没有个人敌意”这段。他核对后发现，除了标点和这一处删节，两版几乎完全一致，并请读者以后遇到这类问题直接邮件告知。
dang查看英文原文
We belatedly changed the URL from https://bookmarks.reviews/george-orwells-1940-review-of-mein-kampf/ to a copy of Orwell's text that doesn't shamelessly bowdlerize him. I mean, really—Orwell? I'm referring to the omission of this passage: "I should like to put it on record that I have never been able to dislike Hitler. Ever since he came to power—till then, like nearly everyone, I had been deceived into thinking that he did not matter—I have reflected that I would certainly kill him if I could get within reach of him, but that I could feel no personal animosity. ... that several commenters pointed out: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=32135108 https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=32133675 https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=32130897 All: in the future, if you run across something like this, could you please send us a heads up at hn@ycombinator.com? We can't read all the articles or comments, but we do read all the emails, usually within a few hours. We will be especially grateful if you point out a flaw as massive as this one. Edit: I couldn't resist diffing the bowdlerized text with the gutenberg.net.au one and the eliding of that bit is the only difference between the two, other than punctuation. Edit 2: it turns out that bookmarks.reviews is guilty only of blogspam. They got the thing from https://www.openculture.com/2014/08/george-orwell-reviews-mein-kampf-1940.html, which links to https://carnegiecouncil-media.storage.googleapis.com/files/v18_i007-008_a010.pdf (via https://boingboing.net/2014/08/17/orwells-review-of-mein-kampf.html). That looks like a decades-old copy of the 1968 edition, edited by Orwell's widow. I doubt that it was she who dropped that sentence—I bet it was whoever reprinted the essay. Considering that Orwell specifically wrote "I should like to put it on record", that took some brass, or lack of it. The degree to which Orwell practiced intellectual honesty is an endless marvel. If there's one thing we should learn from anybody, it's that from him.
经得起时间检验的评论，靠的是分析质量而非时效性。
关于希特勒、法西斯和宣传可以谈的很多，但我想指出奥威尔的分析水准有多稳定：我们看到的当然是他被反复摘出的最好的部分，他肯定也写过平庸的东西，但近一个世纪过去，他的文字仍有大量值得重读之处。
rossdavidh查看英文原文
So, there's a lot to be said about Hitler and fascism and propaganda and all the other fascinating topics Orwell brings up here, but I'd just like to point out how routinely excellent Orwell's analysis is. Of course I mostly see the best bits brought out and dusted off, no doubt he did mediocre stuff as well, but it is worth noticing how often it turns out that Orwell, nearly a century on, still has plenty in his writing worth revisiting.
省略号会无声地掩盖关键内容，读者和作者都应警惕不完整的引文。
有意思的是这个版本是经过编辑的，而且不清楚改动何时发生。完整版里有那句“我始终无法讨厌希特勒……事实上他身上有某种深深吸引人的东西”，而在被链接的版本里，这段话只用了一个容易被人忽略的省略号“…”代替。
nl查看英文原文
It's interesting that this version is an edited version, and unclear when the changes occurred. The full version[1] includes this: > I should like to put it on record that I have never been able to dislike Hitler. Ever since he came to power—till then, like nearly everyone, I had been deceived into thinking that he did not matter—I have reflected that I would certainly kill him if I could get within reach of him, but that I could feel no personal animosity. The fact is that there is something deeply appealing about him. In the linked version that is represented by "..." which is easy to miss [1] http://gutenberg.net.au/ebooks16/1600051h.html
同一作者的相关文章可以对照阅读，看同一主题的不同处理方式。
他那篇《威尔斯、希特勒与世界国家》可能更好：[链接]
leoc查看英文原文
His "Wells, Hitler and the World-State" is probably better: https://orwell.ru/library/reviews/wells/english/e_whws
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