写作方法2012theatlantic.com
写作革命
The Writing Revolution
导读
这篇《大西洋月刊》文章围绕“写作革命”讨论学校写作教学：通过更系统、跨学科的写作训练，帮助学生用文字组织思想、论证观点。对写作者而言，它值得读的地方在于把写作视为可拆解、可练习的结构化能力，并提醒我们平衡结构训练、思维诚实与创造力。
可以直接用的写作要点
- 01
把写作当思考工具：先把想法落到纸上，才能发现漏洞、理清逻辑。
- 02
论证时用证据、消歧义、因果顺序和具体事实，替代空泛表态。
- 03
不要只练“感觉”或只练结构：基础弱时用结构打底，熟练后保留创造与修辞空间。
- 04
跨领域写作者可把写作当沟通优势：能用清晰文字表达复杂想法，在理工和工程场景尤其稀缺。
HN 评论精选
写作训练能补工程领域的沟通短板，STEM与重写作专业互补。
我完全同意。我读过以英语写作课为傲的私立高中，后来才发现自己热爱写作；大学主修CS，一学期后加哲学双专业只为多写。毕业面试时我反复论证：工程领域严重低估沟通，哲学/写作训练让我比多数软件工程师更会表达，这似乎帮我拿到几个offer。STEM加重写作专业互补，尤其哲学能补CS毕业生“难以表达和有效辩论”的短板；写作甚至让人更有同理心。
simonsarris查看英文原文
Wow. I completely agree with this. I went to a private high school that prided itself in its English (writing) classes[1]. I didn't know it then, and I wish I had found out sooner, but I loved writing. I started to realize this in college. I went into university as CS and picked up a Philosophy dual major after one semester so I could write more. During my final year, in every single interview I had I made the argument that mere communication is massively underrated in engineering fields and that my Philosophy degree (or rather my writing skills) made me a better communicator than most other software engineers. I think I can safely attribute this to at least a few job offers, as the argument seemed to take a lot of interviewers by surprise. After my college experience I certainly think the two majors (or any STEM major plus a writing-heavy major) compliment each other. CS and PHIL as a combination seems only natural from the get-go, especially with the intersection of Logic. But I especially think PHIL compliments CS because in my opinion the largest deficiency in every other CS and engineering grad I've met is that they have a hard time communicating their ideas and debating others effectively. Philosophy (all writing really) helps with that. A lot. I think writing out anything, even just your own thoughts on a subject, makes you a vastly more empathetic person, something most engineers I've met seem to desperately need. It's mind-boggling the amount of extremely smart people I've come across that nonetheless seemed to simply lack the concept of not-them. ----------- [1] The article says "The program would not be unfamiliar to nuns who taught in Catholic schools circa 1950." I had 12 years of Catholic school, though not in the 1950's, I graduated HS in 2006, so I imagine some of the curriculum theory stayed put. [2] I've found myself considering the humanities majors I've met far, far more socially capable than the engineer majors, almost to an embarrassing degree. I've always been quite the introvert, supremely shy as a child, but was totally unprepared for just how shy I would find others. My college (RPI) was known for being an introverted place and I met so many great people who almost literally never left their rooms. Great minds and personalities who were self-sequestered from the world. It felt tragic sometimes. I met and found a lot of people that wanted to meet others but had a great fear of simply being in public spaces more and exchanging pleasantries. Others still, and this was not an uncommon opinion, would disparage the idea of small talk as useless. It's funny but, of all places, once I came to college and met enough varied and amazing people I became vastly, vastly less shy. It just wasn't worth it to be shy when there were so many great people to meet and listen to.
分析性写作能训练诚实，但不自动等于真理或伦理；修辞也不止于分析。
写作训练思想，思想也训练写作，二者应同步。分析性写作是追求智识诚实的工具：为断言提供证据、澄清歧义、先因后果、以具体事实替代空泛。但它不是万灵药：“Xorbians是外来入侵者，所以必须猎杀他们”也符合分析性写作的基本要求，却未必真实，问题可能在伦理。反过来，“各自安好”不是分析性写作，却可能更真实。希腊的司法与审议修辞以分析为骨架，但修辞不止于分析。
davidvaughan查看英文原文
It's complex. Writing disciplines thought, and thought disciplines writing. The two must progress hand in hand. Analytical writing is a method for achieving greater intellectual honesty. It includes the habit of giving evidence for assertions, of clearing up ambiguity, of putting causes before consequences, of replacing hand-waving with concrete facts. And so on. But it's not failsafe. "The Xorbians are foreign interlopers, so we must hunt them down and kill them" is analytical writing. I think it would pass some of the more basic tests described in the Atlantic article. But it doesn't necessarily tell the truth, and this failing may be down to a want of ethics. By contrast, "What do I think about the Xorbian issue? Live and let live" is not analytical writing. But it may be truer and more valuable. Judicial and deliberative rhetoric in Greece demanded a backbone of analysis. But it wasn't by any means the whole of rhetoric. Well, as stated, it's complex. One could write books...
写作是自我分析与论证说服的核心能力，读写素养应包含表达自如。
没有把想法整理成文字的能力，我几乎无法作为能自我分析的人运转。回想高中，我只是勉强写出及格英语；如今在大学，多数人写作严重受限甚至不合格，更广泛人群可能更糟。也许应重新定义读写能力：不只是会读会写基本句子，而是能否论证、说服、在纸上自如、与文字共舞。
corporalagumbo查看英文原文
I honestly have no idea how I would function as a self-analytical human being without the ability to wrangle my thoughts into text. I think I have a decent knack for it, but when I think back to high school I realise I was lucky to scrape through with passable written English. Even now at university most people I meet are severely limited writers, incompetent even. And I imagine the situation must be even worse among the wider population. Maybe this is a new way to think about literacy - not if you can read and write basic sentences, but can you argue, can you convince - are you comfortable on the page, can you dance with your words?
结构训练与创意写作需要平衡，避免矫枉过正。
希望别把钟摆甩向另一极端。如果孩子只学创意写作、不学结构，强推结构当然有效；但如果从小只教结构、高中仍过度强调结构，收益会递减甚至为负，尤其当他们创造力很弱时。
danmaz74查看英文原文
Let's just hope this will not swing the pendulum too much in the other direction. If kids were only taught creative writing and no structure, it is to be expected that a strong push on structure will give them an edge. But if they had been taught only structure from the start, insisting a lot on that in high school is bound to have smaller returns (or even negative ones, if they are then very weak in creativity).
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