小说与文学2017rifters.com
否认反乌托邦:现实与虚构中的“希望警察”
Denying Dystopia: The Hope Police in Fact and Fiction
导读
这组讨论围绕反乌托邦与乌托邦叙事的功能展开:反乌托邦帮我们建立威胁模型,乌托邦提供愿景,而盲目乐观的技术故事可能掩盖风险。对写作者来说,它提醒我们认真处理冲突、后果与复杂性,而不是把叙事变成宣传。
可以直接用的写作要点
- 01
写反乌托邦时,先明确具体威胁,再让读者在场景中切身感受它如何影响日常生活。
- 02
写乌托邦或乐观故事时,先承认真实的系统问题,再展示它如何被大规模克服,避免变成技术广告。
- 03
不要默认新技术必然带来更好世界;先推演负面后果和受影响者,再安排人物与冲突。
- 04
批评性写作要保留细微差别:指出风险不等于否定技术,责任应指向滥用技术的组织而非预警的作者。
HN 评论精选
反乌托邦帮我们建立威胁模型,乌托邦提供愿景;盲目技术乐观故事会掩盖负面影响,好故事必须严肃承认威胁与系统问题。
反乌托邦故事有价值,因为它们帮我们建立威胁模型;乌托邦故事有价值,因为它们给出可瞄准的愿景。但假设新技术必然带来更好世界的故事是“反价值”的,像用善意铺路的混凝土搅拌车:激励人们在完全意识不到负面影响时去创造,甚至没意识到可能有负面影响。我在社交媒体、机器学习、区块链上都见过这种情形。好的反乌托邦故事严肃承认某种威胁,展示生活在那个世界里的切身感受,或许还展示它如何形成、我们能做什么;好的乌托邦故事严肃承认某种系统问题或威胁,并展示一种大规模克服它的方式。
avivo查看英文原文
Stories of dystopia are valuable because they help us build threat models. Stories of utopia are valuable because they give us a vision to aim at. Stories that assume new technology will lead to a better world are anti-valuable. Those stories are the concrete truck of good intentions. The truck used to pave the route to hell. The stories inspire people — into creating things without any awareness of negative impacts. These inspired "builders" are often even oblivious to the idea that there might possibly be negative impacts! I've seen this play out with social media, with ML, and blockchain just to name a few HN relevant examples. A good dystopia story seriously acknowledges some threat, and shows what it is viscerally like to live in that world, and perhaps how it came to be and what we might do about it. A good utopia story seriously acknowledges some system problem or threat, and shows a way in which it is overcome on a large scale.
把预警风险等同于否定技术是虚假二分;批评应针对滥用技术的组织,而非反乌托邦作者。
不久前我在 HN 看到一些评论,主张反乌托邦小说作者简直是邪恶的、对人类是威胁。这让我有点但真实地害怕。当人们开始公然攻击谨慎,往往就是泡沫将破之时(抱歉,最近老想比特币)。有些人似乎把反乌托邦和犬儒主义理解成我们应该彻底放弃技术、回到洞穴生活,这是虚假二分。请保留细微差别:公司和政府确实乐于滥用技术,但责任在这些组织,不在仅仅注意到趋势的作家。我认为可以设计技术方案,让这些组织的激励与它们应服务的人对齐;在我看来,多数反乌托邦小说指出的正是这种理想与“联网冰箱”式消费之间的差距。乌托邦很难,我们去购物吧。
btrask查看英文原文
A while back I saw some comments on HN arguing that dystopic fiction writers are literally evil and a threat to humanity. That made me slightly but genuinely scared. When people start outright attacking caution, that is when the bubble is about to burst (sorry, been thinking about Bitcoin lately). For some reason some people seem to take dystopia and cynicism as meaning we should give up on technology altogether and go back to living in caves. That is a false dichotomy. Please, hold some nuance. It's true that corporations and governments have shown themselves eager to abuse technology. The blame for that lies with those organizations, not with writers who merely notice the trend. I think we can come up with some technical solutions to align the incentives of these organizations with the people they should be serving. To me, most dystopian fiction is pointing out the gap between that and internet refrigerators. Utopia is hard, let's go shopping.
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