小说与文学2017theparisreview.org编辑精选
海明威：小说的艺术（《巴黎评论》访谈第21号，1958）
Ernest Hemingway, the Art of Fiction No. 21 (1958)
导读
这篇是《巴黎评论》1958 年对海明威的“小说艺术”访谈，围绕写作的孤独、自律、真实性和工作环境展开。它不给写作公式，而是让写作者看到一位大师如何安排写作生活、如何警惕自我叙述的失真，因此值得反复读。
可以直接用的写作要点
- 01
写作越深入越需要独处；主动营造一个只装得下你和作品的安静环境，并给自己足够时间进入沉浸状态。
- 02
离开打字机后能放下手头项目，是一种需要后天训练的自律，能保护长期写作的节奏。
- 03
警惕把记忆碎片编织成连贯动人的故事；为了真实性，宁可拒绝复述或保留空白。
- 04
工作环境会塑造专注：自然光、适度私密和安静，都是可设计的写作条件。
HN 评论精选
深度写作依赖独处与沉浸，进入这种状态需要时间和环境，值得刻意培养。
海明威说“写作越深入，你越孤独”，我最近上创意写作课深有同感。我写得最好的时候，是沉浸在独处与寂静里，感觉房间和生活都充满自己；写作、做梦、在心里自言自语、朗读、重写，甚至喝水散步时仍满脑子是作品。进入这种状态需要时间，有人称为心流；我在深夜开窗、空气凉爽、蟋蟀鸣叫时更容易进入。
bernardino查看英文原文
> The further you go in writing the more alone you are. I took a creative writing course not too long ago, and I find this to be true. The best writing I have done is when I am surrounded and embodied by my aloneness/solitude/silence. It’s a place where you feel your room/life is full of yourself. I remember vividly being in front of my computer, writing a piece on iA Writer. I would drift off into these imaginary places in my mind, thinking about what I want to say and how I want to say it, then I would recall a line from a book where I would then draw inspiration from. Ultimately it was: writing, dreaming, talking to myself in my mind, rereading out loud, rewriting, going to get a glass of water and walking to my backyard for a breather yet still full of myself and the piece I am writing, etc. But it takes a while to get into that state, a place where you are full yourself. Some people may call this state, the flow state. I find it easier to get into that state late at night, a time where I open the window, the air is cool and fresh, and the crickets are chirping away. Otherwise, I wish Albert Camus had done one of these Art of Fiction interviews.
作家要警惕把记忆碎片编成圆滑动人的叙事，宁可回避也不牺牲真实性。
他非常有力地抵抗采访者让他回忆过去人物、事件和作品的提示。仿佛他痛苦地意识到，人们（尤其作家）容易把记忆碎片编成连贯而动人的叙事，于是干脆回避，以免说出不真实的话。尤其当采访者引用他过去说过的话时，他的回应似乎夹杂着怨恨和羞耻。
longerthoughts查看英文原文
It's remarkable how powerfully he resists the interviewer's prompts to recount people, events, and work from his past. It's as if he's painfully aware of peoples' (perhaps writers in particular) tendency to fabricate cohesive, compelling narratives based on fragments of memory and avoids it entirely for fear of saying something that lacks authenticity. It's particularly apparent when the interviewer brings up things Hemingway is quoted as saying, prompting responses that seem to carry some combination of resentment and shame.
离开工作后能放下项目，是可训练的自律，对长期写作很重要。
采访者问：离开打字机时，你能把正在写的项目从脑中放下吗？海明威答：当然能，但这需要自律，而这种自律是后天习得的，必须如此。
l5870uoo9y查看英文原文
> INTERVIEWER > Can you dismiss from your mind whatever project you’re on when you’re away from the typewriter? > HEMINGWAY > Of course. But it takes discipline to do it and this discipline is acquired. It has to be. An important disciplinary skill to acquire.
自然光、适度私密的工作环境有助于专注，写作也可借鉴。
这听起来很像我所学到的、有利于我编程生产力的环境：两扇门之间用一本厚重的《世界航空发动机》书虚掩着；卧室大而阳光充足，窗户朝东和南，让日光落在白墙上……光照充足，适度私密。
protonfish查看英文原文
This sounds so much like the environment that I have learned is good for my programming productivity > The door between the two is kept ajar by a heavy volume listing and describing The World’s Aircraft Engines. The bedroom is large, sunny, the windows facing east and south letting in the day’s light on white walls... Lit with sunlight, and moderately private.
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