讲故事与叙事2018aerogrammestudio.com编辑精选
皮克斯的讲故事法则
Pixar's Rules of Storytelling (2013)
导读
这是皮克斯动画工作室流传甚广的 22 条讲故事法则清单，从“从前有个___，每天___，有一天___”的骨架，到如何重写自己讨厌的作品。它把抽象的叙事直觉拆成了可操作的练习，适合写作者拿来对照自己的故事、检查结构和节奏。
可以直接用的写作要点
- 01
把故事串起来时，用“因此……因此……直到最后”替代“然后……然后”，让事件之间有因果推动而不是简单罗列。
- 02
结局之前先想清楚你要讲的主题，再回头调整开头和中段，让它们都为这个主题服务。
- 03
练习：拿一部你不喜欢的作品，拆出它的基本构件，重新排列成你会喜欢的样子——找出问题和修复问题都是写作训练。
- 04
同样的情节，不同的信息披露顺序会产生完全不同的效果；故事不只是决定“发生了什么”，更是决定“何时让读者知道”。
HN 评论精选
用“因此”而非“然后”串接事件；重写烂作品是有效的结构训练。
第 4 条法则让我想到《南方公园》创作者 Trey Parker 的建议：想写出更好的故事，就设法把故事里所有的“and（然后）”和“but（但是）”都换成“therefore（因此）”。另外第 20 条练习——把一部你不喜欢的电影的构件重新排列成你喜欢的样子——我觉得是个特别好的主意。有些剧我抱怨过，但要我拆解出它到底哪里不对其实很难，修复就更难；真去做一遍一定很有收获。
dahart查看英文原文
> 4. Once upon a time there was ___. Every day, ___. One day ___. Because of that, ___. Because of that, ___. Until finally ___. This one reminds me of writing advice from South Park's Trey Parker: write better stories by figuring out how to replace all your "ands" and "buts" with "therefore". http://www.presentationzen.com/presentationzen/2015/05/the-key-to-story-structure-in-two-words-therefore-but.html > 20. Exercise: take the building blocks of a movie you dislike. How d’you rearrange them into what you DO like? This one strikes me as an especially great idea! Rewrite something bad to make it good. There are certainly some shows I've bitched about (like a lot of people) but I would have a hard time dissecting it to find what's wrong with it, and even harder time fixing it. Having to do it would certainly be educational.
故事不只是情节设计，更是信息披露的顺序和节奏。
J.K. 罗琳说过，《哈利·波特》第一部第一章她大概写了 20 个版本；如果你把这 20 版都读了，就会知道前几部书所有的主要情节走向。讲故事不只是决定情节，很大程度上是关于如何安排细节的揭示。
DoreenMichele查看英文原文
JK Rowling has said she wrote something like 20 versions of the first chapter of the first (Harry Potter) book and if you read them all, you would have known all the major plot points for the first several books. Storytelling is about more than just deciding the plot. It is very much about staging the reveal of details.
规则可用来写出抓人但浅薄的故事；先掌握规则，再故意打破它。
我跑了好几年《开拓者》（Pathfinder）桌面角色扮演的团。这些法则对地下城主和对写作者一样有用。不过我觉得它们很容易变成“如何写出一个浅薄但情感上抓人的故事”（一点也不意外）。尽管如此，把这些规则摆在台面上还是有用的：当你想让故事发生点不那么显而易见的事时，可以先懂规则再打破规则。偶尔放些多余的、没用的角色来迷惑人；加些岔路和细节，让它们发展成自己的故事；没来由地放慢或加快节奏；让玩家找到绕开所有看似障碍的办法，然后让别的事情发生。
joe_the_user查看英文原文
I have been running a Pathfinder (table top rpg) campaign for the last several years. A lot of these rules are great hints for a dungeon master as well as for a writer. However, I think these rules can easily be "how to write a shallow but emotionally compelling story" (surprise, surprise). That said, having these rules on the table (so to speak) is useful for when you as story teller want to have something other than the obvious happen (ie, know the rules to break them). Try occasionally having extra, useless characters just to confuse people. Have detours and details that turn into their own story. Slow down or speed-up pace just for the heck of it. Let the players find ways to short-circuit all the apparent barriers and then have something different happen.
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