小说与文学2018theparisreview.org
美国最常被误读的诗(2015)
The Most Misread Poem in America (2015)
导读
这篇文章讲的是弗罗斯特《未选择的路》——美国被误读最多的诗。大众把它读成"我选了人迹更少的那条路,因而人生不同"的励志宣言,但诗里明说两条路"磨损得其实差不多",结尾那声叹息究竟是庆幸还是自嘲也含混不清;这首诗本是弗罗斯特调侃优柔寡断的朋友爱德华·托马斯的私人玩笑。对写作者来说,它是一堂关于语气、反讽与"读者如何劫持文本"的示范课。
可以直接用的写作要点
- 01
读者会把复杂作品压缩成一句励志金句:诗里写着两条路"磨损得差不多",大众只记住"我选了人迹更少的一条"——写作时要预判这种"金句化",在关键处把语气标记写足。
- 02
用具体细节给抽象结论拆台:"那天早晨两条路都一样铺着叶子,没有一步踩黑过"这句实写,让后面"这改变了一切"变成了反讽;议论文和叙事文同样可以用事实细节去抵消漂亮的大词。
- 03
结尾留一处含混能增加复读价值,但要接受被误读的代价,必要时在标题、题献或上下文里给出提示。
- 04
把私人玩笑写进作品:这首诗本是调侃朋友爱德华·托马斯散步时的犹豫不决,具体的人与场景让抽象主题落地,也让语气有据可依。
HN 评论精选
权威和流行误读会压制更准确的读法,读者要学会在权威面前信任自己的判断。
当我提出异议说,两条路其实一样、差别既不重要也无从知晓时,我的高中英语老师硬是把我拽回那种流行的误读——然后立刻自己独占了解释"更准确解读"的那点小小风光!他很聪明,有马萨诸塞大学阿默斯特分校的文学博士头衔,肯定明白我在说什么,多半是故意拦着我。我感到被欺骗,也是第一次把老师看成一个竞争性的自我而非帮助者;我意识到自己得学会什么时候该相信自己,哪怕面对权威。
malloryerik查看英文原文
When I objected that, no, the two paths equally lay and that the difference was unimportant or unknowable, my high school English teacher forcefully badgered me back into the common misreading -- and then promptly took the minor glory of explaining the more accurate interpretation to the class for himself! He was smart, had a PhD in lit from UMass Amherst, must have known what I was getting at and in all likelihood consciously blocked me. I felt so cheated and for the first time saw a teacher as a competing ego rather than a helper, and I realized that I'd better learn when to trust myself, even in the face of authority.
诗的表层语调可以被大众据为己用,反讽要靠读者受教育才能读出——写作者要意识到语气与受众之间的落差。
英国被误读最多的诗是威廉·布莱克的《耶路撒冷》。它写于两百年前,一个世纪后被谱成曲。它是事实上的非官方国歌,英格兰足球队、橄榄球队、板球队走到哪儿都能听到;三大主要政党都在党代会上唱它;每次皇室婚礼都要奏一遍;2012 年奥运会开幕式上,十亿人最先听到的就是它——由一个天生只有一只手的孩子的独唱。这首诗有一段非凡经历:布莱克生前并不出名,死后三十年才有人为他写传记,还有许多别的事必须先发生,它才成为今天的样子。字面上它像是爱国诗,但细读之下、并且受过恰当的教育,这首诗是可以读懂的:它是一部反资本主义、反教会、反建制的杰作。然而成群的民众能跟着唱,记得每一个字。它被误读的程度是别的作品无法相比的。去研究它吧。
Theodores查看英文原文
The most misread poem in England is William Blake's Jerusalem. It was written two centuries ago and put to music a century later. It is the unofficial national anthem and you can hear it everywhere that English football, rugby and cricket teams go. All three of the main political parties sing it at their conferences. It gets an airing every time there is a royal wedding. It was the first thing one billion people got to hear at the opening of the 2012 Olympic Games - a solo performance by a child who happened to be born with only one hand. This poem has an extraordinary story, Blake was not famous in his time and only thirty years after his death did someone come along to write a biography of him. There were many other happenings that had to happen before Jerusalem became what it is today. The words appear to be patriotic but on further examination and with the right education the poem can be understood. It is an anti-capitalist, anti-church, anti-establishment masterpiece. Yet vast crowds of people can sing along with it, knowing all the words. It is in a different league of being misread to anything else. Study it.
了解创作背景(弗罗斯特与爱德华·托马斯的交游)比通行解读更能解释这首诗的真正语气。
关于这首诗及其背景,有一篇写得更好的文章:https://www.theguardian.com/books/2011/jul/29/robert-frost-edward-thomas-poetry
hownottowrite查看英文原文
A far better article about this poem and the backstory: https://www.theguardian.com/books/2011/jul/29/robert-frost-edward-thomas-poetry
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