写作方法2010news.ycombinator.com编辑精选
Ask HN：写好学术论文的技巧与窍门
Ask HN: Your tips/hacks for great academic writing
导读
这是 Hacker News 上一个关于学术写作技巧的求助帖，评论区分享了如何让论文更简洁、更有结构、更易读的实用经验。其中一条评论用一段“学术腔”的回复本身示范了学术写作的套路，非常有启发性。
可以直接用的写作要点
- 01
论文开头先用一两句话框定主题和文章结构，再逐点推进，用连接词（如“接下来”）串联段落。
- 02
始终围绕四个问题组织内容：问题是什么、为什么有趣、我的方案是什么、方案能带来什么好结果。
- 03
先写初稿，再删减冗余、改写得更简洁；如果篇幅不够，就回到头脑风暴阶段补充实质内容，而不是靠拉大行距充数。
- 04
用词以简单清晰为佳，段落不宜过长，要让读者在读到你的结论前自己先猜到——这样他们会觉得自己很聪明。
HN 评论精选
用一个完整的“论文腔”回复来示范学术写作的结构套路：开场框定、逐点推进、不断复述结论。
写作风格是现代学术界的重要一环。本回复将讨论学术风格，并考虑几种处理方式，同时保持对这种媒介通常偏好的简洁性的关注。为了充分讨论，首先需要定义术语。“学术界”可能有多种解释，我们必须明确讨论的是哪个含义。在此，我们将其理解为研究生及以上的正式研究。如引言所示，本作者认为学术回复应以一个简短的开场句框定主题，接着简要说明文章将包含什么。之后，论述应逐点流动，用“接下来”之类的连接短语衔接段落。通常，每个点应保持简短，以小增量层层推进。这样，学术写作者可以慢慢把论据展露给读者，而不会让文章显得沉重。请注意，前一段本质上是填充内容，只是复述了前面的要点，并为读者推出一个结论。通过在文中不断写出结论，读者需要集中的注意力更少，也更容易接受论证。总之，学术写作就是用不同方式重复简洁的要点……
user24查看英文原文
Writing style is an important aspect of modern academia. This reply will address the topic of academic style and will consider several ways to approach it, while maintaining a focus on the conciseness generally preferred in this medium. In order to discuss this fully, it is first necessary to define the terms. The word 'Academia' may have a wide range of interpretations and it is important to distinguish in which sense we are discussing it. For this discussion, we shall take it to mean formal study at graduate level or beyond. As can be seen from the introduction, it is this author's belief that an academic reply should begin with a short preliminary sentence framing the topic in general, followed by a brief discussion of what the essay will contain. Following this, the discourse should flow from point to point, with joining phrases such as "following this" to link paragraphs. Generally, points should be kept short, building on each other in small increments. In this way, an academic writer can slowly expose the reader to their argument, without having their submission feel too heavy going. Notice also that the previous paragraph was essentially filler, merely recapping the previous points, and drawing out a conclusion for the reader. By spelling out the conclusions throughout the text, the reader has to concentrate less, and will take on board the argument more easily. To conclude, writing academically is a combination of concise points repeated in different ways for effect, statements of the conclusions throughout the essay in order to make the reader comfortable, and several other tactics, not least of which is the repetition of phrases from the title such as "academic writing" to remind the marker that you're answering the question. Finally, you can leave the essay on a slight tangent to 'wrap up', for example: It is this author's wish that this work may have contributed in some small way to the worthy goal of improving academic writing.
学术写作只需围绕四个问题展开：问题、重要性、方案、后续价值。
推荐 Simon Peyton Jones 的《如何写好研究论文并做好学术报告》。核心记法：1. 要解决的问题是什么？2. 为什么这是个有趣的问题？3. 我的解决方案是什么？4. 从我的方案能推出什么（重要）成果？
pwpwp查看英文原文
How to write a good research paper and give a good research talk by Simon Peyton Jones: http://research.microsoft.com/en-us/um/people/simonpj/papers/giving-a-talk/giving-a-talk.htm From memory: 1. What's the problem? 2. Why is it an interesting problem? 3. What's my solution? 4. What (great stuff) follows from my solution?
通过“先删后加”的循环，让论文密度更高，而不是靠行距和字体注水。
我写出好论文的方法是：先打草稿，然后删掉多余的词语，寻找更简洁的表达。如果字数不够，就重复最初的头脑风暴步骤，补充更多实质内容。通过修剪再加内容，最终论文会更密集，在一堆用拉大行距凑篇幅的论文中脱颖而出。
ericb查看英文原文
To write awesome papers, I used to create a draft, then edit out needless words and find more succinct ways to say things. If I was short on length, I'd repeat my initial brainstorming step and flesh out more content. By pruning and then adding content, you end up with a paper that is denser and stands out next to other filler-filled, font-inflated, 2.2 spaced papers.
写作要让读者“自己得出”结论；开头要用文献与脉络建立信任。
我的建议：开头要交代你的工作在领域中处于什么位置，这也展示了你的功底。不要用大词，能用简单小的词就不用复杂的。不要为了凑篇幅而啰嗦，段落不要过长（这是常见错误）。确保全文有结构清晰的论证链。表达风格很重要：读者应该比你先一步想到你的结论……这会让他们觉得自己很聪明，而学术读者正需要这种感受。参考文献要丰富，体现研究的广度和深度。
grandalf查看英文原文
My suggestions: - The opening should always contextualize your work in light of the rest of the field. It also communicates your mastery of the field. - Don't use big words when simpler, smaller ones will do. - Don't be verbose just to fill space, and don't make your paragraphs too long (a common mistake). - Be sure the composition has a well-structured argument/flow. - Your style of exposition is important. The reader should arrive at your conclusions a moment before you do... this makes the reader feel smart, which is important if your audience is academic. - Your bibliography should be large and should communicate both breadth and depth of research.
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