小说与文学2020news.ycombinator.com
Ask HN：有哪些深刻影响了你人生的小说？
Ask HN: Great fiction books that have had a positive impact on your life?
导读
这是 Hacker News 上一个征集“改变过你人生的虚构作品”的帖子，提问者特意避开自助类书籍，想要真正在艰难时刻陪伴过读者、或改变其世界观的小说。回答里既有科幻经典，也有纯文学与成长小说，读它们更像在读一份份“这本书如何具体改变了我”的示范：写作者可以学到怎样把阅读体验写成有说服力的个人叙事。
可以直接用的写作要点
- 01
写推荐或回忆时，先给出具体场景（哪一年、谁把书塞给你、你当时几岁），可信度和画面感立刻不同。
- 02
写一本书对人的影响，不要只写“很震撼”，而要写出读前读后的对比：以前以为人生只有医生、律师两条路，读后觉得“与众不同也可以”。
- 03
让观念通过人物和情节落地，比如用一个能随口复述的句子（“这一切都会过去”）承载整本书的世界观，比抽象说理更耐读。
- 04
把个人处境（乡村长大、性别困惑、跑步者）与文本对照着写，读者才能看到“为什么是这本书、为什么是这个人”。
HN 评论精选
一本小说能替边远小镇的少年打开“我也可以不同”的想象空间。
《安德的游戏》。我七年级时最好的朋友有哥哥姐姐，他们家都读过这本书，他读完就让我一定也读，我这个容易受影响的七年级学生（2006–07 年）欣然从命。这本书让我着了迷，它让我第一次接触到“安塞波”这种能瞬间连通宇宙任何角落的技术，也真正打开了我的想象：我这一生可以做什么。在南卡罗来纳乡下长大，想当探险家或宇航员显得很不切实际，大多数人只希望你当医生、律师或去宝马工厂上班。《安德的游戏》告诉我，与众不同是可以的，爱读书、并且相信有朝一日自己也能影响社会，是可以的。
adaisadais查看英文原文
Ender’s Game by Orson Scott Card. My best friend in 7th grade had older siblings and they had all read Ender’s Game. He read it and told me I had to read it. Being the impressionable 7th grader (2006-7) that I was I gladly obliged. I found the book to be deeply fascinating. It opened my eyes to ‘new’ technology like ‘ansible’ (can communicate anywhere in the universe instantaneously) and really opened up my imagination to what I could do with my life. Growing up in rural South Carolina with dreams of being an explorer or an astronaut seemed kinda far fetched. Most people just wanted you to be a Dr. or Lawyer or get a job at BMW. Ender’s Game showed me that it was ok to be different. It was ok to love to read books and to think that one day I too could have an impact on society. For what it’s worth: Mark Zuckerberg also had Ender’s Game listed in his books section on FB. But truthfully back in ‘07 I was busy writing poems on MySpace (FB wasn’t rural yet) hoping that I would one day be as influential as the Demosthenes character in Ender’s Game
好的科幻用极端设定逼读者重新审视存在与人性的边界。
《地球往事》三部曲（即《三体》）。它以一种我在别处从未见过的方式探讨存在性问题。我真心相信，几十年后这个系列会被视为我们时代的《魔戒》。我最近在读《基地》系列，觉得“骡”这个角色的设定极其开眼界。我不能说它直接对我的人生产生了正面影响，但它确实在改变我的看法，我觉得它拓宽了我的视野。
Jkol查看英文原文
Remembrance of Earth's Past trilogy, aka Three Body Problem. Explored existential topics in a way I've never encountered anywhere else. I truly believe that decades from now this series will be viewed as the LOTR of our time. I've recently been reading the Foundation series, and have found the concept of The Mule character to be incredibly eye opening. I can't say directly it's had a positive impact on my life but it's definitely changing my outlook and I feel its expanded my horizons.
小说提供的“可随身携带的观念”，比情节更长久地改变一个人看待优先级与历史的方式。
《小王子》很美，帮助我重新审视和质疑自己的优先级。冯内古特让我变得稍微宿命论一点（“他无法改变的事情包括过去、现在和未来”），是一种积极的虚无主义——虽然不确定这对我的性格整体是否算好事，但它让我更宽容，比如认为人的错误源于体内化学物质或线路故障。可以从《猫的摇篮》《五号屠场》，也许还有《加拉帕戈斯》读起。作为跑者，《Once A Runner》为我 crystallize 了一种哲学：为某件别人可能根本不在乎的事追求卓越，而且我觉得这很好玩。我喜欢尼尔·斯蒂芬森《Anathem》的地方，是它对人类社会的“这一切都会过去”的视角：无论当下的政府、技术水平或战争如何，最终都会融进同一片历史里。这让我想起在耶路撒冷时的感受——你身处历史的一刻，而这一刻并不比别的时刻更重要，它与其他时刻连成一体，兴衰都在其中。这大概又和虚无主义有关。《Working》（Studs Terkel 著）不是小说，但也不是自助或技术书，它让我与自己所不熟悉的那部分社会产生了连接。
bo1024查看英文原文
The Little Prince. It’s beautiful and helps me re evaluate / question priorities. Vonnegut impacted me to be a bit more fatalistic (“among the things he could not change were the past, present, and future”) and nihilistic in a positive way. Although not sure this is a positive overall for my personality. More sort of forgiving, e.g. the idea that people’s mistakes are due to their bad chemicals or faulty wiring. Suggest Cats Cradle, Slaughterhouse 5, maybe Galapagos for starters. Once A Runner, as a runner myself, crystallized for me a philosophy of striving for excellence at something that may not matter to anybody else. And I find it fun. What I liked about Neal Stephenson’s Anathem was the “this too shall pass” perspective on human societies and civilizations outside the wall of the maths. Whatever the current government or technology levels or wars happen to be, blend together. It reminds me of the feeling you get in Jerusalem of being in a moment of history that is no more important than other times and is of one piece with them, rises and falls included. This probably connects to the nihilism again. Anyway. I almost exclusively read fiction but I’ll mention Working by Studs Terkel, not fiction but certainly not self help or technical. Just helped me feel connected to parts of society I don’t experience.
“每个人都活在母文化的故事里”这一概念，是小说能给人的最实用的认知工具。
《以实玛利》（Daniel Quinn）。这本书改变了我的人生。我大概十七岁读的，十五年后去年又重读了一遍。我学到的最重要一课是人类学所说的“文化相对主义”。这本书还教会我：每个人都处在“母文化”及其故事的影响之下。把这一点内化，对理解他人、建立自我认知、理解政治与历史都大有帮助。书里还有一条关于生态、关于让世界不那么糟糕的叙事，这也不错，但我认为那不是主要价值所在。《Nevada》（Imogen Binnie）是另一本。我在处理自己性别认同问题的时候读到它，它阴暗、好笑、优美，而且极其坦率地写出了一个跨性别者的经历。厄休拉·勒古恩的《地海》系列紧随其后。
vector_spaces查看英文原文
Ishmael by Daniel Quinn. This book changed my life. I read this book when I was maybe 17? And read it again last year, a decade and a half later. The most powerful lesson I learned here is what anthropologists call cultural relativism. This book also taught me that everyone is under the influence of Mother Culture and her stories. I think internalizing this can help a lot with understanding other people, building self awareness, understanding politics in general, and also history in general. There's a narrative here about ecology and generally making the world a less shitty place which is nice too, but not the primary value-add IMO (although it's unique in proposing cultural transformation as the solution). Nevada by Imogen Binnie was another. I read it when I was working through questions about my gender. It's dark, funny, beautiful, and brutally candid account of the (a) trans experience. Ursula LeGuin's Earthsea series follows these closely.
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