写作与思考2020persuasion.community
说服的目的
The Purpose of Persuasion
导读
这是 Persuasion 社区一篇题为《说服的目的》的文章（正文未提供），评论围绕它延伸到公共讨论的规则：匿名/化名写作、如何维持文明且善意的辩论空间，以及“开放社区”为何容易变成回音室。对写作者而言，它值得一读，因为说服性写作不只是技巧问题，还取决于发表身份、读者信任与讨论环境的设计。
可以直接用的写作要点
- 01
若观点有争议，可考虑用化名或笔名发表，让读者只依据内容本身评判，而不被人身标签左右。
- 02
说服性写作要默认读者是善意的，并坚持就事论事；一旦滑向人身攻击，论证就失效了。
- 03
建立讨论空间或写作社区时，若公开宣示立场倾向，往往最终会吸引同温层；真正的开放需要明确规则，而非仅靠“不设限”。
- 04
写争议话题时，先与读者确认共同事实和论证规则，再推进结论，比直接下判断更有说服力。
HN 评论精选
化名发表能让读者只评判观点本身，降低作者人身风险，且好内容自会浮现。
我认为化名写作对未来思想的流通很重要（不只限于 HN，也应进入真正的新闻实践）。你不必用真名、也就是拿全部个人声誉去为可能给你带来风险的观点背书（比如被取消、人格抹黑等）。我也相信这类做法会带来更好的讨论与批评，因为注意力只能落在内容本身的价值上。当然匿名也有缺点，但好作品通常总能进入圈子，而差作品很快就会被掐掉。
zuhayeer查看英文原文
I think pseudonymity will be important for the future of ideas (expanded beyond HN but into actual journalistic practice). You don't have to put up your real name, aka your full reputation behind interesting ideas that could risk damage to you as a person (being cancelled, character assassination, or otherwise) I also believe that this kind of work will invite better discussion and critique around different topics since the focus can only be on the merit of the content. Of course, anonymity also has its downsides, but good work usually finds a way into circles while bad work gets nipped at the bud fairly quickly
维持文明而开放的辩论空间极难：审核会被指压制，放任则退化为回音室，信任机制需要重新设计。
有点跑题……我最近在想，需要一个能进行政治讨论的空间，那里的人对文明和善意辩论的坚持程度，和我们在 news.yc.com 上一样。我完全不知道怎么管理这样的空间：一旦有人被版规处理，他肯定会喊“压制”，空间很快会退化成它想避免的东西，比如回音室、诡辩者和喷子。这似乎需要范式转变，或者这个媒介本身就不合适。几乎所有人都认同，当前的媒介是破坏性的，不再服务于建设性用途；靠声誉、排名和“群体智慧”的审核在现有形式下已不可行，但我又完全不愿把控制权交给某个权威……怎样才能建立无需信任的善意？
shoes_for_thee查看英文原文
Somewhat tangential... I've been thinking lately that there is a need for a space in which political discussions can be had where people are as committed to the values of civility and good-faith argument as we are at news.yc.com I have not a clue how such a space could be moderated. It's obvious to me that a person violating guidelines would quickly claim suppression if their posts were moderated, and the space itself would quickly devolve into the things it tries to avoid. Eg, echo-chamberiness, sophists, trolls. It seems like a paradigm shift is required, or that the medium just isn't appropriate. It also seems widely-accepted by nearly everyone that our current medium is destructive and no longer serves constructive use. Reputation, ranking, and moderation based on the 'wisdom of crowds' is no longer viable in its current form, but I'm utterly unwilling to cede control to an authority... How does one establish trustless good-faith?
完全开放的社区会被最不怕争议的人占领，所以“中立”也需要设计边界。
如果你想开办一个公开声明特定倾向的新场所，那完全有理由相信它最终（甚至一开始）会变得和其他地方一样狭隘、一样是回音室。但如果你不想这样，想创造一个真正开放的环境，就会遇到这个问题，Scott Alexander 描述得最好：“如果你反对猎巫，并承诺建立一个小型乌托邦社区，在那里猎巫永远不会发生，那么你的新社会最终大约会由三位有原则的公民自由主义者和七千万个女巫组成。即便猎巫确实是错的，那也会是个糟糕的居住地。”
teddyh查看英文原文
If you’re trying to start another venue with a stated specific bias, there is every reason to believe that it will (eventually, if not immediately) become exactly as limiting and echo-chambery like the rest of them. However, if you’re trying to not do that, and create a truly open environment, you run into the problem which was perhaps best described like this: “If you’re against witch-hunts, and you promise to found your own little utopian community where witch-hunts will never happen, your new society will end up consisting of approximately three principled civil libertarians and seven zillion witches. It will be a terrible place to live even if witch-hunts are genuinely wrong.” (Emphasis in original.) — https://web.archive.org/web/20200618093842/https://slatestarcodex.com/2017/05/01/neutral-vs-conservative-the-eternal-struggle/
当舆论压力让某些话题无法讨论时，专门保障自由辩论的空间就有价值。
我认为一个有良好管理的言论自由空间的兴起极其重要。美国已经到了某些话题根本不容讨论的地步，这由推特暴民的法庭裁决。
anonms-coward查看英文原文
I think the rise of a well headed, free speech space is extremely important. The US has reached a point where certain topics are not even up for debate, as ruled by the court of twitter mob.
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