小说与文学2021theringer.com
吉恩·沃尔夫把科幻小说变成高雅艺术（2019）
Gene Wolfe Turned Science Fiction into High Art (2019)
导读
吉恩·沃尔夫是科幻界少见的、被当作严肃文学来读的作家。这篇 2019 年的文章回顾他如何把类型小说写成高雅艺术。对写作者来说，值得读的地方在于读者反复提到的两件事：他把关键信息藏在显眼处、让重读变成另一本书，以及他对不可靠叙述者的极端运用。这些正是叙事技巧的实操案例。
可以直接用的写作要点
- 01
把关键线索藏在读者第一次读一定会忽略的显眼处，让重读产生完全不同的意义。
- 02
把不可靠叙述者用到极致：让叙述者的盲区和省略本身成为情节的一部分。
- 03
句子层面要密：用词的丰富度和精确度决定作品能否被当作文学而非消遣来读。
- 04
类型小说（科幻、奇幻）同样可以用严肃文学的标准来写，不必预先降低语言和结构的野心。
HN 评论精选
《新日之书》把线索藏在明处，重读会变成另一本书，这是它被视为文学的原因。
很多人会问“吉恩·沃尔夫是谁？”我强烈推荐他的四部曲《新日之书》。这是我读过最好的科幻／奇幻系列之一，而我对文学相当挑剔，不会轻易这样夸一本书。我爱《魔戒》《精灵宝钻》《火星纪事》、勒古恩、冯内古特、《沙丘》《权力的游戏》、《神经浪游者》、阿西莫夫、普拉切特等等，而我认为沃尔夫与这些作品同列，甚至把科幻带到了另一个境界。《新日之书》是我第一次读完后觉得“这是文学”的科幻系列，可以拿来和陀思妥耶夫斯基、海明威相提并论，我不觉得这是夸张。它另一件惊人的地方是：每重读一次，你都会发现自己上一遍漏掉了大约一百处东西，有太多东西藏在明处，重读就像在读另一本书。
saberience查看英文原文
For all those who are saying now "Who's Gene Wolfe??" I strongly, strongly, urge you to read his tetralogy "The Book of The New Sun," it's one of the finest sci-fi/fantasy series I've ever read and I have a pretty damn critical taste when it comes to literature. (not trying to sound snobby by the way, I just don't praise books like these lightly or without good reason) So I love Lord of the Rings, the Silmarillion, Martian Chronicles (and other Ray Bradbury books), Ursula K Le Guin(Earthsea), Kurt Vonnegut (Cat's Cradle, Sirens of Titan, Slaughterhouse Five etc), Dune, Game of Thrones series, Neuromancer, Asimov (basically everything but especially Foundation series), Terry Pratchett, and so on... And I consider Gene Wolfe's work to be on a par with all of the above, and I would say he takes sci-fi to another realm. The Book of The New Sun is the first sci-fi series I read where I thought, "this is literature," as in, comparable with books by Dostoyevsky and Hemingway, and I don't believe this is hyperbole, it's just that good. The other amazing thing about The Book of The New Sun is that each time you read it you realize you missed about 100 things in the previous read-throughs, there is so much "hidden" in plain sight and the subsequent read-throughs are like reading a completely different book. So just read it please. Edited to include Le Guin as another example of "genre fiction" as literature.
沃尔夫的作品专为精读和重读而写，细读会获得额外回报。
沃尔夫是我最喜欢的作家之一，他的作品比大多数作品都更奖励仔细的（重）读。为此我强烈推荐播客 Alzabo Soup，它极其细致地逐章剖析《新日之书》（现在在讲《长日之书》），光是《新日之书》他们就做了好几年、每周两小时一期。我一边重读一边听，非常值得。
bouvin查看英文原文
Gene Wolfe is one of my favourite authors, and his works more than most reward careful (re-)readings. To that end, I can highly recommend Alzabo Soup [1], a podcast delving into first Book of the New Sun (and currently Book of the Long Sun) in very deep detail (it took them a couple of years, with weekly 2 hour episodes to make it through BoNW). I reread along with the podcasts, and it was well worth it. [1] https://alzabosoup.libsyn.com
沃尔夫的文笔巅峰只在 1970 年代；不可靠叙述者用过头会变成一招鲜。
我读过沃尔夫写的每一个字（连限量版小册子都读过），所以觉得有必要提醒潜在读者：他作为高雅艺术写作者的巅峰期只有 1970 年代那大约十年。我强烈推荐早期沃尔夫，晚期的他是次一等的作家。那十年里他写出了三部大作品（《刻耳柏洛斯的第五个头》《和平》《新日之书》）以及一批短篇，文笔极其丰赡华美，完全比得上普鲁斯特或纳博科夫。他的声誉应该建立在这些作品上。但从 1980 年代初开始，他的文笔变得平淡乏味。他仍然能用总带不可靠叙述者和省略的情节打动读者，可这一点也逐渐被推到荒谬的地步，到世纪之交他像只会一招。Tor 的编辑显然照单全收他的每一部稿子，晚期那一大批弱作在我看来稀释了他的地位。
Mediterraneo10查看英文原文
I have read every single thing Wolfe wrote (even the limited-edition chapbooks), and I feel I should warn potential readers: he only had about a decade-long run as a writer of high art in the 1970s. I strongly recommend the early Wolfe, but the later Wolfe is a lesser author. In that decade, Wolfe produced three large works (The Fifth Head of Cerberus, Peace and The Book of the New Sun) and a number of short stories where the prose was incredibly rich and beautiful, fully the equal of Proust or Nabokov. His reputation should rest on these. But from the early 1980s, his prose became drab, lackluster. He still could impress readers with his plots that invariably featured unreliable narrators and ellipsis, but even this was gradually taken to the point of absurdity. By the turn of the millennium, he felt like a one-trick pony. His editors at Tor apparently accepted every manuscript he submitted, but the late flood of weak novels IMHO diluted his stature.
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