小说与文学2021persuasion.community
一种新的道德主义正笼罩文学界
A new moralism is gripping the literary world
导读
这篇文章讨论英美文学界正在兴起的一种"新道德主义"：作品和作者越来越依据身份与道德立场被评判，而不是依据写作本身。对写作者来说，它值得一读，因为它逼我们回答两个具体问题：谁有资格写什么，以及当批评被简化成身份标签后，我们还能怎样讨论一本书的好坏。
可以直接用的写作要点
- 01
写自己不熟悉的群体时，用"这个人会不会为此惊讶/这样说"来检验细节，文化外行的破绽往往先出现在人物反应上。
- 02
批评一本书之前先读原始评论本身，很多"身份不符"的流行说法只是对原论点的抽空简化。
- 03
处理争议题材时，把"不喜欢可以不读"当作讨论的起点而非终点，避免把所有冒犯都升级为对社会整体的攻击。
- 04
请一位该文化的内部读者做真实性质检，比事后辩解更能保护作品的可信度。
HN 评论精选
原批评是关于文化经验如何影响写作可信度，把它简化成身份政治是对论点的扭曲。
作者转述瓜尔巴的批评时把它简化成了"白人作家不该写这个群体"，但读瓜尔巴的原文会发现，她的核心论点是：作者对某种文化缺乏经验，会直接导致写作失败。她举的例子是，墨西哥裔女主角的丈夫称她是自己认识的最聪明的女人，可她却不断被墨西哥人不会惊讶的事情吓到，只有外人才会这样反应，这就是败笔。瓜尔巴还提出了一些接近抄袭的指控，但没有给例子，这点不太专业。她明确是从文学标准上判定这本书很糟，而不是从身份上。把她的论点缩水成一句身份口号，是很有误导性的标题党操作。
jancsika查看英文原文
> She went on to argue that Cummins, a white American woman with some Puerto Rican background, had no business writing about a culture and identity group to which she didn’t belong. Ooh, I just read Gurba's blog. Her argument in essence: a white author's inexperience with a culture leads to bad writing. Example from her blog: Mexican protagonist described by her husband as the smartest women he knows. But Mexican protagonist is continually shocked by occurrences that would not shock a Mexican, but would shock an outsider. Bad writing. There are other points made in the blog. In fact there are some other accusations that stop short of plagiarism, but no examples are given which is pretty unprofessional IMO. Regardless, Gurba is clearly and strongly asserting that the book is a piece of shit from a literary standpoint, and that the author's inexperience with the culture and people is the reason for that shittiness. There's already a certain kind of click-baitiness to publishing a rejected piece that "dunks" on a popular book like this, ok, I get that. But the "New Moralism" author is downsampling that to a completely substance-free pure click-bait of "white people don't belong here" meme. That is sneaky, sneaky, sneaky. If you got sucked in further to the article from that sentence you just got played by the author and possibly by HN's blackbox sorting algo, too.
身份审查已经从"谁能写"扩展到"谁能翻译"。
问题不只发生在书的内容里。一位（其实是加泰罗尼亚人的）"白人"男性译者被撤掉，理由是：他的身份与诗人不一致。
bitcurious查看英文原文
>https://www.theguardian.com/books/2021/mar/10/not-suitable-catalan-translator-for-amanda-gorman-poem-removed This extends beyond the contents of the book. Here a "white" (but really Catalan) man was fired from translating a poem because his identity didn't mirror the poet's.
"不读即可"的容忍原则应当双向适用，而不是只对一方生效。
当年右派想禁媒体时，一个很合理的反驳是："你不必买、也不必读你不喜欢的东西。"这个说法今天去哪了？为什么任何"有问题"的东西都被自动视为对整个社会以及被冒犯群体的攻击？人们是不是已经失去了容忍"有人不同意自己"的能力，还是只有舆论精英这样想？
h2odragon查看英文原文
When the right wanted to ban media, a quire reasonable counter argument was "you don't have to buy, or read, the things you don't like". Where's that argument today? Why is anything "problematic" an assault against society as a whole, automatically, as well as whatever underprivileged group its offensive to? Have humans lost the ability to tolerate the knowledge that someone, somewhere, may disagree with them? Or is it just the attention elite that think this way?
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