AI 与写作2021newyorker.com
计算机越来越会写作了
The computers are getting better at writing
导读
这篇《纽约客》文章讨论 GPT-3 等语言模型写出的文字越来越像样，甚至能唬住人。对写作者来说，它其实是一面镜子：当机器能轻易产出流畅却没有实质内容的散文时，人类写作的价值更在于意图、结构和真正的意思。
可以直接用的写作要点
- 01
流畅的文笔是最容易被模仿的部分；真正稀缺的是明确的意图与言之有物的内容，写作时先想清楚要说什么。
- 02
警惕“漂亮但空转”的文字：行文再顺，若上下文含糊、绕来绕去，读者读不出意义，本质上和机器生成无异。
- 03
写出几百字以上且连贯耐读的东西，需要抽象的学识积累和刻意的构思，这项能力与直觉式的遣词造句是两回事，要分开练。
- 04
可以反过来借用工具：让它生成描述、铺陈细节，但对话和需要真实洞察的部分仍需人来把关。
HN 评论精选
机器擅长的是流畅的行文，而非有意图、有结构的实质内容。
GPT-3 给我们的教训是：我们花了太多时间读那些其实什么也没说的文字，或者读不出其中的意义。它能把互联网上大部分写作替换掉，但那是好写作吗？不是——它只是油滑的文句裹着一层模糊、漫无边际的语境。下一步（写出真正有文学价值的短篇）会难得多，因为这对人类作家同样难：写连贯、抓人、超过几百字的东西，需要习得的抽象知识和刻意的意图，这跟熟练写作者近乎无意识的直觉式行文是两种能力。真正有内容的生产者会怎么把这些工具纳入流程，倒是值得看看——比如用来生成描写也许可行，但对话大概不行。
caconym_查看英文原文
The lesson we should take from GPT-3 is that we spend way too much time reading text that isn't really saying anything, and/or failing to find meaning in what we read. It's a neat trick, and I think it could absolutely replace much or most of the writing on the internet today. But is it good writing? No, not really. At least, not in the sense of writing as producing anything more substantive than slick prose with a vague, meandering context running through it. I think the next step (say, being able to produce short stories with actual literary value) will be substantially more difficult, mostly because it's substantially more difficult for human writers too. It takes learned abstract knowledge and deliberate intention to write something that's coherent and engaging and longer than a few hundred words, and that skill is separate from the intuitive prose generation ability that's essentially unconscious for practiced writers and comes easily to many avid readers (i.e. trained on a large corpus) who take up writing. It will be interesting to see how producers of actual substantive content incorporate these tools into their processes, if at all. I guess I can imagine using it to generate descriptions, for instance, but how does it do with dialogue? Probably not very well.
人类写作同样在反刍旧材料，但机器暴露了“话多而意义少”的问题。
我怀疑 GPT-3 吞下了大量真实文本，被提示时偶尔会吐出原文片段，因为按它的拟合目标，这样做是“合适的”。可话说回来，我们不也在做同样的事——把以前读到、听到并喜欢的片段反刍出来？我们不也常在想着自己心事时，对配偶的话给出莫名恰当的回应，其实根本没在听，只因为听过太多次、能预测对方要说什么？然后还点头同意要去修理店把鳄鱼取回来。不过说到底，GPT-3 更多展示的是：意义可以多么少，而字数可以多么多。
WesolyKubeczek查看英文原文
I have a suspicion that, since GPT-3 gorged its enormously swollen fuzzy digital belly on a lot of real prose, it might, when prompted, occasionally throw in a piece of the prose in question, or a whole original passage, because to its fitting function, it would be a suitable thing to do. But then again, aren’t we all doing the same, regurgitating bits and pieces that we heard or read before and liked? Don’t we all sometimes, when busy with our own thoughts and worries, occasionally spout out oddly appropriate responses to what our spouses are speaking, without actually listening to and processing the conversation, maybe because we heard it all so many times we can readily predict what they are going to say? And then we agree that we need to go take the alligator from the repair shop. However, if anything, GPT-3 is mostly showing how little meaning there is, but in how many words. Never mind me, I’ll pour myself another one.
机器偶尔写出深刻句子，反衬出人类评判“何为好文字”的标准并不牢靠。
GPT-3 生成的文字既滑稽荒诞又出奇深刻。比如“隔壁女人那些得用钳子夹起来扔进垃圾桶的虚弱婴儿”很荒唐，但“他想爬离它，却无处可去”却是对自我厌恶的惊人深刻表达。一台计算机能写出这种句子，恰恰让人不安地意识到：人类在识别真正的创造性意义方面，水平其实有限。
causality0查看英文原文
GPT-3-generated writing is a combination of comically absurd and incredibly deep. The weak infants of the woman next door who had to be picked up with the tongs and thrown into the dustbin is quite silly but then there's He wanted to crawl away from it, but there was no place to go. which is a surprisingly deep statement about the revulsion he feels towards himself. That a computer can generate that says very uncomfortable things about the skill of humans in recognizing genuine creative significance.
非母语写作者需要能指出非常规用法、建议更自然表达的工具。
先不谈机器代写，你有没有在用真正能让写作变好的工具（不只是拼写和标点检查）？作为非母语者，我希望有工具能指出我的非标准用法——也许只需解析文本并与语料库比对，看看哪些搭配是没人用过的。AI 可以帮忙建议更好的表达方式。
mattikl查看英文原文
Rewinding a bit from computers doing all the writing, are you using any tools that help you write considerably better (not just spelling/punctuation checking)? As a non-native English speaker I would like to have a tool that points out my nonstandard usages of language. I think it could be something as simple as parsing the text and searching it against a corpus, but I have no idea how many "unique structures" a text typically contains where no one else has used those same exact words. AI could help to suggest better ways to formulate the text.
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