写作与思考2022polygon.com
那位让我爱上漫画的作家，也教会我厌恶它们
The writer who made me love comics taught me to hate them (2016)
导读
这篇文章回顾了 Frank Miller 的《黑暗骑士归来》等作品，讲述作者少年时如何因为他的画风和叙事爱上漫画，又如何在发现作品中的阴暗、暴力与保守倾向后对这类英雄叙事感到不适。对写作者来说，这是一篇关于“作者与作品关系”“反讽误读”和“类型写作如何承载意识形态”的生动案例。
可以直接用的写作要点
- 01
写作者要意识到：读者可能把你写的黑暗当成批判，也可能当成认同——反讽从来不是作者单方面能保证的。
- 02
作品一旦发表就会脱离作者，读者从中读到的意义未必低于你自认为的创作意图，写作时要为这种多义性留出空间。
- 03
刻意堆砌的冲击性意象（如无来由的纳粹符号）如果没有叙事功能，容易让读者出戏，甚至怀疑你的立场。
- 04
评价一个作者时，把人和作品分开看，往往能更冷静地分析文本本身做对了什么、做错了什么。
HN 评论精选
读者把作品读成批判，作者本意却未必如此——反讽的归属权很微妙。
我对 Frank Miller 的感觉也差不多。我当年很喜欢《黑暗骑士归来》，觉得它是一次精彩的解构，揭示了私刑正义和权力幻想的阴暗面——里面还有对《一个国家的诞生》那样的视觉引用。后来发现 Miller 其实并不是在反讽，我挺失望的。幸好还有很多别的漫画作者我依然喜欢。
ginko查看英文原文
I'm sort of in the same boat with Frank Miller. I really liked The Dark Knight Returns because I thought it was a great deconstruction that showed the dark side of vigilantism and power fantasies visual references to Birth of a Nation and all that. I was pretty of disappointed when I found out that Miller actually wasn't ironic. Thankfully there's plenty other comic writers I still enjoy.
作者不是作品的最终解释者，作品的意义会超越创作者的自我说明。
多年之后我终于想通了：把艺术家和他的作品混为一谈永远是错的。伟大的作品会超越作者本人，而且说实话，作者对作品的理解往往并不比旁人更深。你去问作家、画家、音乐人——尤其是音乐人和词作者——他们的作品在讲什么，只要作品够好，你得到的回答总是令人失望。他们也不知道那是什么、从哪来的，他们只是把它呈现了出来。
whiddershins查看英文原文
After years, this is what I’ve come to. Conflating an artist with their art is always a mistake. Great works of art transcend the artist, and frankly, the artist usually doesn’t understand the work any better than anyone else. If you ask a writer or painter or musician … especially musicians/lyricists what their work is about you will always get a disappointing answer, if the piece is any good. They don’t know what it is, where it came from, they just manifested it.
评论者对文章用作者身份标签去否定其感受的写法提出质疑，提醒写作时警惕轻率的诛心之论。
Miller 在 9·11 后对 NPR 说：“这是我人生中第一次知道面对生存性威胁是什么感觉。”我没听过比这更“白人、异性恋、男性、养尊处优”的话了。……但我觉得大多数人在看到那场袭击后都有同感。我厌倦了把担心本土最严重的恐怖袭击之一说成是“白人、异性恋、男性、养尊处优”的事。这是人之常情。……不管 Miller 是不是好人，几千人的死亡并不能证明他的种族、性别如何；这种说法显得充满敌意，很可惜，我反而更会去质疑作者的意图。
SLWW查看英文原文
> While speaking to NPR about his personal reaction to the September 11th attacks a few months later, Miller would say: "For the first time in my life I know how it feels to face an existential menace." I think that I've never heard something so white, straight, male and sheltered. He will eventually repackage the idea as simply Holy Terror, after jettisoning any reference to the superhero. I think most people felt that way after seeing the attacks. I am weary of any writer who makes it a "white, straight, male and sheltered" thing to be worried about one of the worst terror attacks on our soil. It's a human thing, and for Americans who had never served in combat, it would be the first time they ever felt a threat that real; "existential menace" means, implying the existence of a threat. Innocent lives were lost, a lot of lives, and it shook a nation. I only bring it up because of how unnecessary that seemingly flippant remark was to me. Whether or not Miller was a good guy or not doesn't mean the deaths of thousands is a proof of his race, sex, etc.; it comes off as hateful which is a real shame, I am more likely to question the author's intent. Personally i don't disagree with most of the article, I would have liked a more thorough review of what the writer is talking about when she mentions different troubling things about the comics, as i would have to read it myself to see what they are even talking about. (EDIT: i re-read the last few points and i retract that i agree with most; i think i disagree with most of her points. Sometimes i give benefit of the doubt, only to look again and realize the take is mostly vapid)
缺乏叙事理由的刺激性符号会削弱作品说服力，读者会追问“这段到底想表达什么”。
我很喜欢《黑暗骑士归来》，读过好几遍，但每次读到那个胸口纹着纳粹标志的女人那段，我都忍不住想：这到底是想表达什么？后来的《黑暗骑士再袭》很差，再后来《神圣恐怖》出来，完全是仇外的漫画化处理。从那以后我对他的作品就没什么兴趣了。我确实看到过一句他的话，似乎表明他收回了一些极端观点，但我已经走出来了。
jccalhoun查看英文原文
I liked Dark Knight Returns quite a bit and I've read it a few times but every time I get to the part with the woman with swastikas tattooed on her boobs I can't help but wonder what the point of that was. Strikes Back was bad. Then Holy Terror came out and it was a xenophobic caricature. Since then I haven't had much interest in anything he's done. I did see a comment from him that seems to indicate he's walked back some of his extremist views but I've moved on.
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