出版与作家生涯2022reason.com
敏感读者正成为新的文学守门人
Sensitivity Readers Are the New Literary Gatekeepers
导读
这篇文章讨论出版业中新兴的"敏感读者"（也称真实性审读）角色：出版社在出版前聘请他们，帮作者修正涉及自身并不具备的身份经验时的失当之处。对写作者来说，它提出了一个绕不开的现实问题：写自己熟悉的题材会被批评不够多元，写自己经验之外的人又会被批评越界，那到底该怎么写、写完该请谁看。
可以直接用的写作要点
- 01
写自身经验与写他人都会挨批，别把外部评价当成判决，回到唯一可操作的标准：这个人物是否可信、是否具体。
- 02
把敏感读者当成一位了解特定群体生活的第一读者，而不是审查关卡——前提是双方都带着善意进入交流，并把它用来打磨人物而非删改棱角。
- 03
写不熟悉的群体时不要靠回避解决问题，做具体调研、请熟悉的人读稿，目标是让人物更真实立体，而不是更"安全"。
- 04
高概念设定会被读者按当下的身份议题解读，构思阶段就要想清楚设定背后的含义与代价，而不是等出版前再补救。
HN 评论精选
写自身经验与写他人都会招致批评，作者陷入两难。
听起来是左右为难：写自己熟悉的题材，会被批缺乏多样性；写自己种族、性别或亲身经历之外的东西，又会被批越界。怎么写都可能挨骂。
MrMember查看英文原文
>Known as sensitivity readers, or sometimes authenticity readers, consultants like Sally are a growing part of publishing, hired to correct the pre-publication missteps of authors who don't share the same traits—or "lived experience," to use a favored buzzword—as their characters. Sounds like a damned if you do, damned if you don't situation. Write what you know and you'll get crucified for a lack of diversity. Write outside your race, gender, or lived experienced and you'll get crucified for it too.
在善意前提下，敏感读者能提供让角色更可信的具体建议。
Reason 采访作家 George Dawes Green 时聊到他的出版社请了敏感读者。因为听过同行的抱怨、也在网上看过不少说法，他很怕这次交流。结果那位读者很喜欢这本书，还给出很有见地的意见，帮他收紧了一个人物、让她更可信。他最后的结论是：只要作者、出版社和读者都出于善意，这是个有用的工具。
ch4s3查看英文原文
The recent Reason Interview with Nick Gillespie (editor at large) featuring author George Dawes Green[1] had a brief discussion about Green's publisher hiring a sensitivity reader. Green discusses his fear going into the interaction based on what he had heard from other writers and seen online. However, his reader loved his book and had thoughtful notes that he was able to use to tighten up a character and make her more believable. He come away thinking that it's a potentially useful tool if the author, publisher, and reader come into the interaction in good faith. [1]https://reason.com/podcast/2022/08/05/george-dawes-green-why-the-past-and-storytelling-is-never-dead/ [*Edit] If you're into literature, or are a fan of Southern writers at all, the linked podcast episode is really worth a listen, even if you don't care for libertarians or Nick Gillespie in particular. George Dawes Green is really interesting to listen to.
高概念设定会被读者按当下身份议题解读，构思时要预见到这种风险。
桑德拉·纽曼的科幻小说《The Men》设定为所有带 Y 染色体的人突然从地球上消失，被批评带有"恐跨"暗示——等于说带 Y 染色体的人就是男人；争议之一就是作者有没有请跨性别敏感读者。评论者追问：《人类之子》那样的电影今天还能拍吗？会不会因为没照顾到跨性别男性而被视为反跨？说"有生理性别也有社会性别"是一回事，但现在的趋势是只谈性别、否认生理性别。
crackercrews查看英文原文
> When The Men, Sandra Newman's sci-fi novel in which everyone with a Y chromosome suddenly vanishes from the face of the earth, came under fire for what critics termed the "transphobic" implication that people with Y chromosomes are men, one of the chief questions was whether the author had engaged a trans sensitivity reader. Could movies like Children of Men be made today? Would it be seen as anti-trans because it doesn't account for trans men? It's one thing to say there is sex and there is also gender. But the current trend is toward denying sex and only ever talking about gender.
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