写作与思考2022scottscheper.com
「苦差事」：靠手写来学会任何东西
“The Suck” (Learning Anything by Writing It Out by Hand)
导读
这篇文章以“The Suck”为题，讨论通过手写抄写来学习任何东西的方法。评论者从不同角度探讨了手写与打字的效果差异、逐字抄写与总结性抄写哪种更高效，以及关键在于“用心”而非机械地抄写。对写作者来说，这提醒我们抄写和总结是两种不同的内化过程，选择哪种方式取决于学习目标和内容领域。
可以直接用的写作要点
- 01
选择抄写媒介时要考虑内容领域：需要深度理解的材料可能更适合手写（速度慢、迫使思考），而编程等本身通过打字思考的领域用打字更自然。
- 02
逐字抄写的价值在于迫使大脑内化内容，但读完后用自己的话总结每段，可能比机械复制更高效。
- 03
学习新领域时，手写记录每个关键概念并附一行自己的理解，即使猜错也能快速建立整体框架。
- 04
抄写要带着理解意图（用心），而非机械复制，否则学习效果存疑。
HN 评论精选
手写与打字的效果因领域而异，选择哪种方式取决于内容本身是否通过该媒介来思考。
我打字逐字抄写和手写逐字抄写的效果参差不齐。学编程时，打字抄代码和手写效果类似，而且更符合这个领域。但在学校其他科目上，我打字记笔记的理解程度似乎低于手写。我不确定这是手写与打字本身的差异，还是因为打字时我与思考之间的障碍更多。逐字抄写的价值在于它迫使大脑以阅读时不需要的方式内化内容。手写更慢——也许这正是它的价值？或者打字时我还需要额外思考打字动作本身（格式、位置等）？也许编程只是特例，因为编程本来就要通过打字来思考。我倾向于认为这有点领域特定：物理或数学里用 LaTeX 排版公式会碍事，打字会成为理解障碍；而编程的每个想法都通过打字表达，所以打字是自然的内化方式。
troyastorino查看英文原文
I’ve had mixed success typing things verbatim vs hand writing verbatim. When learning to program, I found typing out code samples had a similar effect to writing them out by hand, and felt more natural to the domain. But in other subjects in school, it felt like my comprehension was lower when I typed lecture notes instead of handwriting them. I was never sure whether that was something inherent to hand writing vs typing or it was just because I had more of a barrier between typing and thinking than I did with handwriting. It always seemed clear that the value of writing something verbatim was that it forced your brain to internalize it in a way you don’t need to when reading. It takes longer to hand write than to type — maybe that is the value of hand writing vs typing? Or when typing I needed to think more about the act of typing, whether that was thinking about formatting/positioning or just being less natural than handwriting? Maybe programming is just a special case where you always think through typing? I lean towards thinking it’s somewhat domain specific. Clearly with physics or math if you had to typeset equations with LaTeX that would get in the way, and typing would be a barrier to understanding. With programming, every idea is expressed through typing, and so typing is a natural way to imprint ideas on your brain.
手写每个声明并附一行总结，即使猜错也能有效建立对整体结构的理解。
我学新代码库时会用这个方法：强迫自己在纸上写出文件里的每个类、数据成员、方法声明，并尽可能根据代码写一行自己的理解。我经常完全猜错函数的作用，但依然在理解整体范围上收获巨大。
porknubbins查看英文原文
I do a form of this when I want to learn a new codebase. I force myself to write out on paper every class/datamember/method declaration in the file and give a one line summary of what I think it does, as well as I can from the code itself. I am often completely wrong about what the function does but still get huge benefits in understanding the scope of the whole thing.
逐字抄写缺乏研究支持，总结性抄写可能更高效。
也许好也许坏。有很多关于“重要”历史人物或机构用手抄作为学习方法的轶事。我更希望看到引用实际研究，而不是诉诸历史方法。鉴于逐字抄写可能比总结性抄写效率更低，它可能不如读完后总结每段那样高效有效。
0kl查看英文原文
Maybe it’s good, maybe it’s bad. A lot of anecdotes about “important” historical figures or institutions that use copy by hand as a method for learning. I would have preferred citing actual research, not an appeal to historical methods. Given that some of the conclusions that word for word copy may be less efficient than summarized copy[1], it may be a less efficient and less effective way of learning than going through a reading and summarizing every paragraph. https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/a-learning-secret-don-t-take-notes-with-a-laptop/
抄写的效果取决于是否用心，机械抄写效果存疑。
像这类建议一样，我认为有两种做法：机械式和用心式。如果是用心去做，我认为可能有用；如果是机械地做，那就类似于睡前听学习材料——效果存疑。
herjazz查看英文原文
Like any of this kind of advice, I think there are 2 ways of doing it: robotically and mindfully. If the latter is done, then I think it may have some use. If the former, then it's similar to the argument of listening to learning material before going to sleep - of dubious effectiveness.
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