小说与文学2013worldcrunch.com
父亲被“掏空”的作品——J.R.R.托尔金之子终于发声
My Father's "Eviscerated" work - Son of J.R.R. Tolkien finally speaks out
导读
这篇报道讲的是《霍比特人》《魔戒》作者托尔金之子克里斯托弗·托尔金罕见发声，痛斥彼得·杰克逊的电影改编把父亲的遗作“掏空”，同时抱怨好莱坞式会计让家族几乎拿不到分成。对写作者来说，它触及两个真问题：改编者究竟该忠于原著的什么，以及创作者与作品、家属与公众之间那条模糊的边界。
可以直接用的写作要点
- 01
评价一部改编作品，看它是否抓住原著的精神气质，而不是逐字逐句的忠实度。
- 02
动笔前想清楚作品将来面向谁：只写给懂的人，还是准备被大众改写和消费。
- 03
越是私人、投入感情越深的素材，被公开解读和商业化时带来的伤害越大，作者与家属都要有心理准备。
- 04
版权保护过度会阻碍文化再创作，但创作者的正当收益也需要被保护，写作时要了解自己作品的归属规则。
HN 评论精选
在版权与公有领域之间摇摆：承认家族被坑，但质疑版权是否该无限延续。
我心情很矛盾。一方面，托尔金家族显然是“好莱坞式会计”的受害者（彼得·杰克逊大概也是，这就是他多年拒绝执导《霍比特人》的原因），这种做法近乎犯罪。另一方面，J.R.R. 本人已去世多年，他儿子都快九十岁了：版权法怎么说是一回事，但创作者去世多久之后，作品就该交给公众自由重述？他的子孙孙辈凭什么长期控制和靠一位逝者的作品获利？我个人认为作品应更积极地进入公有领域，这才对文化和社会有利。
acabal查看英文原文
I'm a little torn on this. On one hand, the estate is clearly a victim of "Hollywood accounting" (as was Peter Jackson, I believe, which is why he refused to direct the Hobbit movie for such a long time). That's a downright criminal practice and "victims" perfectly describes those unfortunate enough to be targeted. On the other hand, JRR the man passed away years ago, and his son is almost 90. Copyright law says one thing, but at what point do we as humans say that the creator has died long ago, and his work should now pass to the public to retell as it sees fit? How long should his children, and their children, and their children, expect to control and profit off of the work of a long-dead man? (Yes C. Tolkien did some original stuff with Silmarillion and Hurin but we're talking Hobbit and LotR here.) That's a loaded question and obviously C. Tolkien and companies like Disney think copyright should be eternal. (And no doubt New Line now wishes its own copyright on its little gold mine would remain eternal too.) But personally I think stuff should enter the public domain much more aggressively for the good of culture and society. In such a world C. Tolkien might have made a little cash for a while, perhaps been happy that his family created a cultural touchstone, and maybe went on to do something original and no doubt productive with his own talent. But we'll never know, and now he's spending his last days growing increasingly embittered because he feels that he's lost control of something he didn't even create in the first place.
改编是否忠实要看大众呈现效果，“掏空”之说只是圈内人的势利。
把杰克逊的作品称作“掏空”实在偏颇得让人读不下去。托尔金是顶尖学者，他儿子似乎也继承了那种对中土世界冷僻深奥细节的热爱——我个人也觉得《精灵宝钻》是中土最有趣的作品，但那只是因为我是个重度粉丝。就面向大众文化和银幕呈现而言，杰克逊的改编对原著和买票的观众都极为忠实。这纯粹是精英式的势利眼，我不买账。
tomasien查看英文原文
To call Jackson's work an "evisceration" is just so misguided I can barely stand to read on. J.R.R. Tolkien was an academic of the highest caliber, and it seems his son has retained his love of the more arcane and in-depth aspects of the Middle Earth world. I, personally, agree with them: I find the Silmarillion to be the most interesting work of Middle Earth, but that's only because I'm a massive geek. As far as a pop-culture and on-screen rendition of the books go, Jackson's work has been superbly loyal to the source literature and to the audience who pays to see them. This is just straight-out snobbery, and I don't care for it.
从创作者情感出发：私人意义被大众商业挪用带来的伤害值得同情。
这里很多“认命吧”式的回应。我更愿意同情敏感的人——托尔金显然是个敏感、安静、注重隐私的人，克里斯托弗也是。我想托尔金从没料到自己的作品会如此流行、成为大众文化，他那么郑重其事，这大概会让他震惊。而按文章的描述，托尔金的作品构成了父子之间一段极其敏感、私密而温柔的关系的基石，如今这块基石正被涂抹到全世界每一家影院和玩具店。无论对错，这对克里斯托弗都是很大的伤害。也许一切都该被公开，隐私是对公众权利的冒犯——但我不这么认为。每个人都有自己珍视的私密之物，看到它们被毫无理解与敬意的人随意挪用、扭曲，谁都会难过。克里斯托弗只是恰好因为那些让童年特别、让他想要守护的东西变成了一部不可阻挡的系列大片。
corporalagumbo查看英文原文
A lot of "tough shit" responses here. I like to sympathise with sensitive people - I think Tolkien was clearly a very sensitive, quiet, private man, and Christopher similarly. I don't think Tolkien ever imagined his work becoming as popular and mass-culture as it did. He took it so seriously I think it would have shocked him. And from the way this article describes it, Tolkien's work formed the bedrock of a very sensitive, private, tender father-son relationship - and that bedrock is now being smeared around every cinema and toystore in the world. Rightly or wrongly, that must hurt a lot for Christopher. Perhaps nothing should be allowed to remain private. Perhaps privacy is an affront to the rights of the people. But I don't think so. I think everyone has special, private things from their lives - special things they would be upset to see appropriated and distorted at will by other people with little to no understanding or reverence for the meaning those things hold to you. Christopher is only different because the things that made his childhood special and to which he feels protective have become an unstoppable blockbuster film series. Hell, I can sympathise. Maybe it's just snobbery, but damned if I don't feel disgusted by the shameless, opportunistic faux-Tolkienism whipped up by by New Zealanders in the wake of the films. Nobody in New Zealand gave a shit about Tolkien before the movies. It was only when people realised that it was going to be huge that suddenly everyone became a lifelong Tolkien fan and every farmer next to a film site was running a Hobbit tour... You know, my grandpa read The Hobbit to me when I was young, and he even has a photo from when he met Tolkien (before the books took off.) Edit: On another note, I think it's a bit rich for Hackernews readers to criticise Christopher for snobbery/possessiveness - after all, the whole bloody point of Hackernews is to discourage average internet users, prevent that 'Eternal September' thing - and maintain a conversation to an elite-defined standard. Everyone has their own snobbish preferences I think.
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