写作方法2013asserttrue.blogspot.com编辑精选
如何写出有力的开篇句
How to Write an Opening Sentence
导读
这篇围绕如何写好开头第一句展开，核心是开头要抓住读者并奠定全文基调。对写作者值得读，因为它把开头从“灵感”拉回到文体判断、信息顺序和注意力策略。
可以直接用的写作要点
- 01
先判断文体再定开头：硬新闻先给核心事实，特写、专栏或软性稿件可以有不同写法。
- 02
新闻和实用写作可把最关键信息放进第一句，并按“从底部删”的结构展开，确保被截短后仍成立。
- 03
用“酒吧测试”起草第一句：想象对聪明但不熟悉你领域的朋友说“你绝对猜不到……”，再把这句话提炼成开头初稿。
- 04
开头句要在10到15秒内赢得注意力并建立全文语调，不能只靠噱头；后文必须兑现这个语调。
HN 评论精选
开头取决于文章类型；新闻导语要先给核心事实，并用“酒吧里对朋友说‘你绝对猜不到……’”来起草第一句。
我做了15年行业杂志记者，新闻训练非常重视故事导语。文章漏了一点：开头完全取决于你写的是哪种文章——硬新闻、特写、专栏或色彩稿的导语不同。传统新闻多按“从底部删”的结构：把关键事实放进第一句，再向外展开；若因版面被删，编辑知道可先删末段，再删前一段，最终即使头版导语被砍成一句话简讯，原开头仍能把故事讲清楚。纸媒衰落使“从底部删”不那么相关，但给忙碌读者写故事时同样纪律仍成立。至于怎么写开头？对新闻或新闻稿，我的第一位编辑给过最好建议：想象你走进酒吧见朋友，你写的故事刚发生；朋友聪明好奇但不一定懂你的领域。你坐下，拿起啤酒说：“你绝对猜不到——XXXXX。”那个XXXX就是你的开头句，至少是初稿。
Angostura查看英文原文
I was a journalist for 15 years on trade magazines, and not surprisingly journalist training pays a lot of attention to story leads. One thing that the post neglects to say is: "it depends entirely on the type of article you are writing" a hard news story will have a different lead to a feature, column or colour piece. Most traditional news stories are structured so that can be 'cut from the bottom' - get the salient facts into the first sentence and broaden out from there, so that if your piece gets cut for the sake of space, the sub knows that (s)he can safely cut the bottom paragraph first, then if more space is required, cut the paragraph before that, and that, so that if at the end of the day, your previous page 1 lead has been trimmed to a 1 sentence news in brief, the original opening sentence will still get the story told. With the demise of paper, 'cutting from the bottom' isn't so relevant, but the same discipline still holds true when writing a story for the busy reader. All that said How do you write the opening sentence? For a news story, or press release, my first editor gave me the best advice I ever received: "Imagine you're walking into a pub to meet your friend and the story you're writing has just happened. Your friend is intelligent, inquisitive, but not necessarily an expert in your detailed field. You sit down, pick up your pint and say: "You'll never guess what - XXXXXXX" That XXXX is your opening sentence. ... or at least it's the first draft. The exercise is good way of immediately revealing what your mind thinks are the most important elements or a sometimes very complex story.
难忘的开头可以靠一句奇句，也可以用一段铺陈后反转来建立张力。
Iain Banks 既有最难忘的开头句之一：“那天我祖母爆炸了。”也有我最喜欢的开头段：先写“两天前我决定自杀……”，铺陈走向海岸、投海等念头，最后转到“昨晚我改变主意，决定活下去。接下来的一切只是试图解释。”分别出自《The Crow Road》和《Espedair Street》。
arethuza查看英文原文
Iain Banks manages to provide both one of the most memorable opening sentences: "It was the day my grandmother exploded." and my favourite opening paragraph (or two): "Two days ago I decided to kill myself. I would walk and hitch and sail away from this dark city to the bright spaces of the wet west coast, and there throw myself into the tall, glittering seas beyond Iona (with its cargo of mouldering kings) to let the gulls and seals and tides have their way with my remains, and in my dying moments look forward to an encounter with Staffa’s six-sided columns and Fingal’s cave; or I might head south to Corryvrecken, to be spun inside the whirlpool and listen with my waterlogged deaf ears to its mile-wide voice ringing over the wave-race; or be borne north, to where the white sands sing and coral hides, pink-fingered and hard-soft, beneath the ocean swell, and the rampart cliffs climb thousand-foot above the seething acres of milky foam, rainbow-buttressed. Last night I changed my mind and decided to stay alive. Everything that follows is . . . just to try and explain." From The Crow Road and Espedair Street respectively.
开头要在10到15秒内赢得注意并奠定全文语调，不能只靠噱头。
大多数人读几句就停。关键的头10到15秒内，书、文章或博客必须在潜意识层面赢得注意力。读者的注意力像热门夜店门口势利的门卫：开头句要抓住他的兴趣，把全文其余部分偷偷带进门。例如《1984》的“四月间，天气寒冷晴朗，钟敲了十三下”，《华氏451》的“焚烧是一种乐趣”，卡夫卡的“格里高尔·萨姆沙一天早晨从不安的梦中醒来，发现自己躺在床上变成了一只巨大的昆虫”。这不是说开头应纯属噱头或完全脱离全文；为挑衅而挑衅收益递减。开头应立刻通过建立有力的语调吸引读者，全文随后延续这个语调。
jonnathanson查看英文原文
Most people stop reading something after the first few sentences. In that crucial 10 to 15 seconds, a book (or essay, or article, or blog post) has to make, and win, a subconscious appeal to your attention. Your reader's attention span is like a snotty doorman at a hot club. Your opening sentence needs to grab his interest and sneak the rest of the piece into the door. Consider the following examples from fiction: "It was a bright cold day in April, and the clocks were striking thirteen." --George Orwell, 1984 "It was a pleasure to burn." --Ray Bradbury, Fahrenheit 451 "As Gregor Samsa awoke one morning from uneasy dreams he found himself transformed in his bed into a gigantic insect." --Franz Kafka, The Metamorphosis Or these examples from nonfiction: "Air-conditioned, odorless, illuminated by buzzing flourescent tubes, the American market doesn't present itself as having very much to do with Nature." --Michael Pollan, The Omnivore's Dilemma "I like to take my time when I pronounce someone dead." --Jane Churchon, "The Dead Book" "Out of nowhere I developed this lump." --David Sedaris, "Old Faithful" This is not to suggest that opening lines should be pure gimmickry, or that they should be conceived entirely apart from the rest of the piece itself. Provocation for provocation's sake is a game of diminishing returns. Rather, the opening line should immediately intrigue the reader by establishing a compelling tone -- one that the rest of the work will follow. Compelling does not necessarily mean brief, though in modern practice, the two are frequently corelated. That being said, some of the best opening lines in literary history are long and winding. The key is setting up intrigue, however many words that may take.
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