语言与文风2015newyorker.com
词语的消逝:濒危语言能被拯救吗?
A Loss for Words: Can a Dying Language Be Saved?
导读
这篇《纽约客》文章讨论濒危语言能否被“拯救”。HN 评论围绕保存文化价值与个体现实利益展开争论,对写作者来说,它是一份观察“价值冲突如何被论证、被简化”的素材。
可以直接用的写作要点
- 01
写争议话题时,先拆解核心概念(“保存语言”到底指什么),否则双方容易各说各话。
- 02
把抽象的文化价值换算成具体代价与承担者(谁付出、谁受益),论证会更有说服力。
- 03
反问和极端类比能迅速强化立场,但也容易把对方塑造成不近人情的“游客”,写作时要警惕这种修辞反噬。
- 04
适当暴露自己的立场与偏见(如“我是一个有偏见的业余档案员”),反而能增加读者信任。
HN 评论精选
质疑“拯救语言”的实际代价,认为个体融入当代社会更重要。
一门濒危语言真的应该被“拯救”吗?保存文化遗产固然好,但把一个孩子的语言习得资源花在一门无法把他/她与当代人类整体连接起来的语言上,代价似乎太高了。
waqf查看英文原文
Should a dying language be "saved"? Preserving cultural heritage is all very well, but expending a child's language-acquisitive resources on a language which won't connect them to the rest of contemporary humanity seems far too high a price.
用激烈反问讽刺语言保存倡导者,把多样性等同于交流障碍。
致所有想阻止别人互相交流、只为获得“世界是多元的”这种模糊审美感的游客:你们为什么不拿自己的孩子去这么做?去吧,用一门会限制他们人生选择和潜力的语言把他们养大,看看对他们效果如何。然后让他们告诉我们结果怎样。哦,抱歉,这不会那么容易发生,对吧?“语言多样性”只是“交流障碍”的另一种说法。有趣的是,这种事总是应该发生在别人身上。
MrPatan查看英文原文
To all the tourists that want to stop people from talking to each other in order to have the vague aesthetic feeling that "the world is diverse" or whatever floats your tourist boat: Why don't you go and do that with your own child? Go on, raise them in a language that will limit their life choices and potential. See how that works for them. Then have them tell us how that went. Oh, sorry, that won't happen so easily, now, would it? "Linguistic diversity" Is just another way to say "Communication barriers". Funny how is is always something that should happen to other people.
指出人们保存自己熟悉之物的双重标准,强调后见之明不可得。
我想知道,那些激烈反对拯救语言的人,是否也同样反对互联网档案馆这类组织?我的想法是,作为懂技术的计算机高手,HN 上很多人更乐意保存对他们有意义的东西(媒体或网站快照),而不是对它们没意义的东西(语言和外国文化史)。没有后见之明,很难说什么有用;等到能说的时候,一切已成定局——资源早已消失,永远不会再来。总之,这只是我这个极度有偏见的业余档案员的一点看法。
lesu查看英文原文
I'm wondering if the people who are railing against saving languages are equally against organizations such as the Internet Archive? My thinking is that, as tech-savvy computer whizzes, many folk on Hacker News are happier to preserve something that makes sense to _them_ (media or website snapshots) than things that don't (languages and foreign cultural history). It's difficult to say what is useful without the benefit of hindsight, by which time it is a moot point -- the resource is long gone and will never be again. Anyways, just my two cents as an incredibly biased amateur archivist.
主张单一通用语言(英语),否认多语言保存文化的必要性。
我只是觉得全人类都应该说一种共同语言。不管你喜欢与否,这种语言将会是英语。我就是不明白为什么我们还需要多种语言。如果有人说是为了保存文化,我也不明白。顺便说一句,我的母语不是英语,免得有人觉得我想把英语强加给你们。
sumedh查看英文原文
I just feel that the whole humanity should speak one common language. Now whether you like it or not that language is going to be English. I just dont understand why do we need multiple languages anymore. If anyone says we need them to preserve the culture, I dont understand that either. My native language is not English, just in case anyone feels I want to force English down your throat.
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