语言与文风2016gnu.org编辑精选
应避免（或谨慎使用）的词语：它们带有倾向性或易混淆
Words to Avoid (or Use with Care) Because They Are Loaded or Confusing
导读
这是 GNU 官方的一篇用词指南，列出建议写作者避免或慎用的词（如 BSD-like、GPL-proprietary、Linux、MP3 player），理由是这些词带有立场或容易混淆。Hacker News 上的高赞评论大多反驳这种观点：他们认为这种'替别人净化用词'的做法过于自以为是、缺乏自省，反而让真实讨论更难进行。对写作者来说，它很好地演示了用词建议如何变成说教，以及词的联想意义有多难控制。
可以直接用的写作要点
- 01
慎用带价值判断的标签词，先确认读者是否认同你的立场框架，再决定用不用它。
- 02
检查自己推荐的'中性词'是否也有歧义或联想（如 cracker、把 GIMP 动词化），否则规则会自相矛盾。
- 03
用词的精确要服务于读者理解，而不是纠正读者的世界观；说教式改写会赶走本来同情你的读者。
- 04
同一个词在不同群体里含义不同，写之前先想读者会读出什么，别假定'我说它是什么意思它就是什么意思'。
HN 评论精选
用词建议往往是一方世界观的投射，换个立场就能造出同样'正确'的清单。
我觉得这有点极端——试图让别人改用符合自己世界观的词，反而让真正的讨论无法进行。比如谈'BSD 类许可证'本身没问题，只要你不把缺少 copyleft 当成缺陷。这份清单甚至让我想起《新话》。那我也从另一个视角造一份类似的：'Copyleft 自由软件'——你可能无法把 copyleft 代码和其他许可证的代码一起使用；更好的说法是'CDDL 专有'或'GPL 专有'。例句：ZFS 无法并入 Linux，因为 Linux 是 GPL 专有的。
legulere查看英文原文
I think this is a bit extreme trying to change words to adhere to your own worldview and makes real discussions impossible. There's nothing wrong e.g. with speaking about BSD-like licenses, if you don't see a lack of copyleft as a flaw. This list even kind of reminds me even of Newspeak (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newspeak). So let me try to find something similar from a different perspective: Copyleft Free Software: You may not be able to use copyleft licensed code together with code licensed under a different license. Better words are CDDL-proprietary or GPL-proprietary. An example in a sentence: ZFS can't be integrated into Linux because Linux is GPL-proprietary.
用词规训若缺乏自省、抓小放大，会损害议题本身的说服力。
老实说这些建议有点可笑，显得极其做作，而且缺乏自省——它们本意是避免'带立场'的词。比如把 GIMP 动词化，至少会产生两个和图像编辑器毫无关系的带立场含义；'cracker' 在软件之外也有非常不同且敏感的含义。GNU/Linux 之争已经成了'I'd like to interject for a moment'梗的群嘲对象；最糟的是这个论点很容易被反驳：有些 Linux 系统并不一定用 GNU 工具链。这篇文章把 FOSS 社区塑造成吹毛求疵、死抠细节的形象，反而伤害了推广自由软件的目标——你不会靠让人不再管数字音频播放器叫'MP3 播放器'来赢得这场运动，何况对市场上绝大多数产品来说这个词是准确的。
verandaguy查看英文原文
These are honestly kind of ridiculous, and they come off as unbelievably pretentious. They also lack self-awareness, since they're supposed to avoid being loaded. - As mentioned, verbing "GIMP" can give it at least two loaded meanings which have _nothing_ to do with the image editor. - "Cracker" also has a very, very different and loaded meaning outside of software. And holy heck, the whole GNU slash Linux debate has gotten to the point of mass parody with the "I'd like to interject for a moment" meme. The worst part of it is that it's easy to argue against this point because there are Linux systems out there which don't necessarily use the GNU toolchain. The statement tries extremely hard to generalize the idea that Linux is irreparably crippled without the good graces of the GNU toolchain. Ugh. I want to push for the adoption of free and open source software and hardware, and I really do care about the ability to see the internals of, and tinker with, and break, and then fix the stuff I run in my day-to-day, but this kind of article makes the FOSS community (the free community especially; but the OSS community by extension) look bad by imposing this image of snobbishness and obsession over honestly minute details. The movement to popularize free software and hardware won't be won by making people stop calling digital audio players "MP3 players," when it's an accurate term for an overwhelmingly large part of the digital audio player market.
规范用词很容易滑向对思想的审查。
这种意识形态的老问题是：太多人有'错误'的思想和说法。我唯一惊讶的是清单里没把'自由'重新定义成'同意我们定义的自由'。
sverige查看英文原文
The perpetual problem of this ideology is that so many people have "wrong" thoughts and speech. I'm surprised only that the list doesn't include a narrower redefinition of "freedom" to mean "free to agree with our definitions."
引《爱丽丝镜中奇遇》说明：词义不能由说话者单方面说了算。
'我用一个词的时候，'矮胖子相当轻蔑地说，'它的意思就是我选择的意思——不多也不少。'
ams6110查看英文原文
"When I use a word," Humpty Dumpty said in rather a scornful tone, "it means just what I choose it to mean — neither more nor less."
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