讲故事与叙事2017modernmythology.net
我们能将虚构武器化,但又该如何让真相变现?
We can weaponize fiction, but how do we monetize truth?
导读
这篇文章讨论虚构叙事如何被武器化来操纵舆论,以及真相/事实型内容为何缺乏可持续的变现模式。它值得写作者读,因为它把“怎样写得更可信、更能传播”与“媒体激励、核查机制、商业模式”放在一起反思。
可以直接用的写作要点
- 01
写虚构或半虚构叙事时,要预设它可能被断章取义或武器化,提前设计来源标注与纠错机制。
- 02
真相类内容不能只靠道德呼吁,写作者和媒体需要找到可持续的商业模式,否则高质量事实内容会被劣币驱逐。
- 03
用可验证事实、透明来源和及时更正来建立信任,比单纯追求情绪传播更长久。
- 04
面对谣言,快速标记、删除或把假信息转化为辟谣条目,能有效限制虚假叙事的扩散。
- 05
文章提出“如何给真相变现”这一关键问题却未充分回答,写作时应避免只堆砌问题而没有可落地结论。
HN 评论精选
平台核查与快速纠错能限制虚假叙事扩散。
对“哥伦比亚化学品工厂爆炸”恶作剧有不错的分析。维基百科上的假条目很快被识别并删除;假 Facebook 页面还在,但 Facebook 系统没有让它广泛传播;Twitter 上的垃圾信息传得更远,但较快被识别为垃圾信息。维基历史显示:假条目出现 1 小时 10 分钟后被标记为“hoax - proposed deletion”并加警告,1 个半小时后被标为“hoax - speedy deletion”并加大警告横幅,之后一小时内条目被改写成关于该恶作剧的条目并保留至今。
Animats查看英文原文
There's a nice analysis of the Colombia Chemicals hoax at [1]. The fake article on Wikipedia was quickly detected and deleted. The fake Facebook page stayed up but Facebook's systems didn't propagate it widely. The Twitter spam got further, but was recognized as spam reasonably quickly. Here's the Wikipedia history. Fake article: [2] 1 hour 10 minutes later, tagged as "hoax - proposed deletion", which put a warning notice on the article.[3] An hour and a half later, tagged as "hoax - speedy deletion", which put a bigger warning banner at the top of the article.[3]. Within an hour after that, the article had been turned into an article about the hoax, which it remains today. [1] https://web.archive.org/web/20150309221009/https://medium.com/in-beta/media-hacking-3b1e350d619c [2] https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Columbian_Chemicals_Plant_explosion_hoax&oldid=625105924 [3] https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Columbian_Chemicals_Plant_explosion_hoax&oldid=625105924
预测市场可以作为一种去偏见、追求真相的激励机制。
我惊讶作者没有提到预测市场。预测市场鼓励人们诚实探求真相,避免过度乐观和客套;它只适用于最终可验证、可客观证实或证伪的那部分真相,但至少是个起点。
saint_fiasco查看英文原文
I'm surprised the author does not mention prediction markets. Those encourage people to honestly search truth without over-optimism and politeness. They only work for the part of truth that can be eventually verified and objectively confirmed/disproved but it's a start.
法律诉讼能反制武器化媒体战术,但也提醒写作者警惕叙事武器被任何一方利用。
这篇读起来有挑战、略过度工程化,但值得花力气。Goldwater 在竞选时被杂志刊登伪精神病评估后成功起诉编辑诽谤,就这样一种被武器化的媒体战术被解除。美国需要更多这类成功诉讼来阻止新战术。据我所知,HRC 还没起诉过谁(若我错了请纠正)。她没有与坏人交手,反而让本党获得未来选举可用的武器。
Dowwie查看英文原文
This was a challenging read -- a bit over-engineered -- but worth the effort. Goldwater successfully sued a magazine editor for libel after it published a pseudo-psychiatric evaluation of him as he was running for office and just like that, a weaponized media tactic was disarmed. [1] America needs more successful lawsuits like this to stop new tactics. To my knowledge, HRC hasn't pursued anyone yet (please correct me if wrong!). Rather than engage bad actors, she's instead given her party access to the weaponry that they will use in future elections. [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goldwater_rule
文章提出了关键问题但未给出答案,写作者应警惕只铺陈问题而不落地。
在那么多铺垫之后,我是不是漏了什么?结论难道实际上是“我们必须问自己如何将真相货币化”,却并没有回答?
rini17查看英文原文
Did I miss it after all the build-up, or is the conclusion actually "we must ask ourselves how to monetize truth" unanswered?
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