讲故事与叙事2018bbc.co.uk
一个我被告诫绝不要讲述的诡异世界的故事
'The story of a weird world I was warned never to tell'
导读
这篇 BBC 报道讲一个被警告“永远不要说出去”的诡异世界：女主人公回忆童年时身边人被替换、亲属被关进秘密监狱、还收到笔迹逼真的来信，而精神科专家把核心人物 Stan 归为妄想症。对写作者来说，它值得读的地方在于展示了不可靠叙述、封闭社群如何共同喂养故事，以及“情感真实”与“事实真相”之间的张力。
可以直接用的写作要点
- 01
采用回忆视角时，让叙述者真诚地相信自己所讲，同时留下可被读者质疑的裂缝，比直接揭穿更有张力。
- 02
写荒诞世界要落到日常细节：一幅龙的画、一封笔迹真实的信、一次家庭祷告，都能让怪事显得可信。
- 03
把“妄想”和“操控/欺骗”并置，不急着给人物单一动机，人物会更复杂。
- 04
描写封闭社群互相印证、争相分享超自然见证，能解释荒诞信念为何能长期维持。
HN 评论精选
封闭社群会互相强化荒诞故事，这种集体生产信念的机制本身就是写作素材。
这让我想起高中女友一家。他们总处于撒旦代理人策划的魔法与灵性攻击的危险中。她大哥把女友搞怀孕后，母亲从异象中得知那女孩是女巫，用精神控制逼他发生关系，以渗透他们的基督教堡垒。还有故事说最小的弟弟曾带回家一幅龙的奇幻画，半夜龙从画里出来想钻男孩被窝；他的叫声惊醒父母，他们调查后发现画有邪恶气场，一边祈祷一边烧掉，第二天赶紧请牧师来祝福房子。一个区别是，本文的 Stan 似乎大多独自行动，而我女友一家属于一个大型教会社群，大家全盘接受这些鬼话还要求再来点。我去他们教堂时，似乎每个人都有自己亲眼目睹超自然攻击的故事，社群互相喂养，而且因为有了新的分享对象而特别兴奋。
knodi123查看英文原文
Reminds me of the family of my highschool girlfriend. They were constantly in danger from magical and spiritual attacks coordinated by agents of satan. When her eldest brother got his girlfriend pregnant, her mother learned from a vision that the girl was a witch, and had used mind control to force him into sex in an effort to infiltrate their christian stronghold. There were stories about how the youngest brother had once, foolishly, brought a piece of fantasy art (a picture of a dragon) home. And sure enough, in the middle of the night, the dragon came out of the picture and tried to slither into the boy's bed. His cries woke his parents, who investigated, and sure enough there was an evil aura coming from the picture. They burned it while praying, and then had a preacher come bless their house ASAP the next day. There were several other stories, equally silly but not as entertaining. One difference is, it seems that Stan from this article worked mostly alone, but my girlfriend's family was part of a large church community who ate all this shit up and asked for seconds. When I visited their church, it seemed like everyone had their own stories to tell about personally witnessing supernatural assaults. The community all fed off of each other, and they got so excited at having a new person to share their stories with. I guess that's why the DSM, when describing delusional disorder, specifies that "The belief is, at the least, unlikely, and out of keeping with the patient's social, cultural, and religious background." Don't want it to seem like they're starting a holy war. The funny thing is, when I was telling my mother about the things I heard at my girlfriend's house, I literally described it as a "whole weird world".
妄想与操控/欺骗可能并存，人物动机应保留多层解释，而非单一诊断。
Pauline 联系了论文作者、哈佛精神病学家。他听到她的故事很兴奋，说 Stan 具备妄想症的所有特征，另一位该领域顶尖专家也同意。显然他们是专家而我不是，但我看不出这一切怎么能只归为妄想。Pauline 和母亲还收到数十封来自那个诡异世界内部的信——比如她父亲和教父，Stan 说他们被关在绝密监狱。笔迹总显得真实，信里还谈到共同过去的事。那这些信怎么伪造？Stan 伪造时是否处于某种解离状态？更合理的假设是：Stan 可能有妄想，也可能主动欺骗，试图让 Ruth 一家相信他的妄想。善意的读法是误以为在保护她们；不善良的读法是控制她们，尤其考虑到 Stan 与 Ruth 的婚外情。
shkkmo查看英文原文
> Pauline contacted the author of the paper, a psychiatrist at Harvard University. He was very excited to hear her story. Stan had all the hallmarks of a person with delusional disorder, he said. Another academic, the leading expert on the disorder, agreed. Obviously they are experts and I am not. But I don't see how this can all be put down to just delusion. >Pauline and her mother also received dozens of letters from people inside the weird world - from her father and godfather, for example, who were being held in a top secret prison there, Stan said. The handwriting always looked authentic, and the letters talked about things from their shared past. How were these letters forged then? Was Stan in some sort of dissociative state when he forged them? It seems much more reasonable to suppose that while Stan may have been delusional, Stan may have also been actively deceptive in an attempt to convince Ruth and her family to believe in his delusion. The kind hearted reading is that this was done in a misguided attempt to protect Ruth and her family. The less kind hearted reading was that this was used as a means of controlling Ruth and her family, especially given the extramarital feelings/affair between Stan and Ruth.
给怪异体验一个心理学名称，可为人物怪诞感知提供解释框架，但术语不应压过故事。
“故事说，我童年周围一些参与有组织犯罪的人被抓、被杀或消失，然后被替身取代。”Pauline 说。这种现象有一个名字：卡普格拉妄想。
Terr_查看英文原文
> "The story was that some people who had been around us during my childhood, who were involved with organised crime, had been picked up - arrested, killed or otherwise disappeared - and then replaced by doubles," Pauline says. One name for this phenomenon is Capgras Delusion: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capgras_delusion
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