语言与文风2019worldswritingsystems.org
世界文字系统
World's Writing Systems
导读
这是一个汇总世界各种文字系统的网站,评论者围绕它讨论文字谱系、呈现方式与同类资源。对写作者来说,它提供了一个很好的范例:如何把庞杂的知识组织成有脉络、可读的叙述。
可以直接用的写作要点
- 01
介绍任何知识体系时,先交代谱系与演变,读者才能理解局部差异为何存在。
- 02
把同一来源的事物当作一个家族来讲,而不是并列成孤立条目。
- 03
学界存在分歧时,用足够宽的概括覆盖不确定性,别把争论堆给读者。
- 04
从具象图画到抽象符号的演变,是组织历史类文章的一条天然叙事线。
HN 评论精选
讲文字要讲谱系,用宽泛的脉络容纳学术争议。
这是个不错的清单,但如果多讲一些谱系会好很多。许多最古老的文字系统起初只是松散的图画集合,后来逐渐变得抽象。要在它们发展的不同阶段之间划界,往往只是武断的决定,而古代记录的稀少掩盖了它们的连续性。比如旧汉字、甲骨文、金文、汉隶、篆书,都可以看作同一文字系统的不同阶段或变体,有些甚至可以看作编码大致相同字符集的不同“字体”。契丹文、女真文等则明显受汉字系统影响。这是一个庞大的相关文字家族,应当按家族来呈现。中东和近东的许多文字之间也有类似的传承脉络,并影响了拉丁字母。当然,影响的具体方向仍有大量争议,但只要笔触足够宽,就能容纳大部分不确定性。
kijin查看英文原文
It's a nice list, but a bit more genealogy would improve it greatly. Many of the oldest writing systems began as a loose collection of pictograms but became more abstract over time. Where to draw the line between different stages of their development is often an arbitrary decision, their continuity hidden by the sparseness of ancient records. For example, all of the following scripts can be seen as different stages of, or variations within, the same writing system: Old Hanzi, Oracle Bone, Bronze, Han, and Seal. Some of them might even be seen as different "fonts" encoding more or less the same set of characters. Others such as the Khitan and Jurchen scripts were clearly influenced by the Chinese writing system. It's a big family of related scripts, and should be presented as such. A similar lineage can be drawn across many middle-Eastern and near-Eastern scripts that influenced one other and the Latin alphabet. Of course there's still a lot of disagreement about exactly which way the influences went, but if you paint the picture with a broad enough stroke, you should be able to accommodate most of the uncertainty.
推荐更易读的同类资源,作为组织信息的参照。
如果想要一个可读性强得多、信息又大致相同的网站,可以看 omniglot.com。我多年来一直是它的铁杆粉丝。
rauhl查看英文原文
For a rather more readable site with much of the same information, there’s always http://www.omniglot.com/ I’ve been a huge fan of it for years.
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