讲故事与叙事2019eblong.com
Zarf 的互动小说（2017）
Zarf’s Interactive Fiction (2017)
导读
这篇介绍互动小说作者 Zarf（Andrew Plotkin）的作品与社区讨论，重点展示文字和语言机制如何驱动叙事与谜题。对写作者而言，它提醒我们：语言本身可以成为世界规则和创意引擎，而交互叙事的关键难点在于让机制服务于可讲述的故事。
可以直接用的写作要点
- 01
把拼写、同形异义、谐音等语言规则设定为世界机制，让文字游戏同时推进情节和谜题。
- 02
设计会“记忆”的系统：让角色或世界记住已解决的难题，并在重复时自动重演，以保持叙事一致性。
- 03
让设定细节（法律、地理、社会反应）围绕核心机制展开，使奇思妙想落在可信世界里。
- 04
做交互或分支叙事时，先问“如何以叙述形式好玩”，再考虑技术实现。
HN 评论精选
用改拼写和同形异义作为核心机制，能生成大量创意谜题并支撑世界观。
我小时候没怎么玩过IF，但最近试了 Counterfeit Monkey，被系统的巧妙和深度震撼。它有数小时的冒险，核心机制是一个可通过改拼写（后期还有其他语言技巧）转化真实物体的世界。比如你有一个 Can，但要开车去远处，就用字母变换装置把 Can 变成 Car；或者用同音词机把手里的木制 Bat 变成会飞的 Bat。可能性无穷，游戏考虑了大量组合。故事设在一个逼真而深厚的欧洲岛屿上，还有关于语言操纵的法律等。
SamBam查看英文原文
I haven't played a lot of IF since I was a kid, but I recently tried Counterfeit Monkey (https://ifdb.tads.org/viewgame?id=aearuuxv83plclpl) and was blown away by the cleverness and depth of the system. It's many hours worth of adventure, and has a brilliant mechanic where you are in a world where real objects can be transformed by modifying their spelling (and, later, other linguistic tricks). So you might have a Can, but you need to drive far away, so you turn your Can into a Car with your Letter-changing Device. Or maybe you use your Homonym Machine to turn the wooden Bat in your hand to a Bat that flies around. The possibilities are endless, and the game has considered an amazing number of them. It's all set in a deep and realistic European island, with laws regarding linguistic manipulation, etc.
系统记住并重演已解谜题，既保持一致性又减少重复操作；象征系统让规则可组合、可创造。
即使作为老IF粉丝，Hadean Lands 也让我大开眼界。它精确记住你如何解开每个谜题，所以比如你发现一扇门又锁上了，而你已经知道怎么开，你只需说想开门，游戏就会重放整个解锁过程（为防剧透举例）。有些谜题相当复杂，系统记忆的深度令人印象深刻。另外，它用象征方式处理炼金术，物体被理解为与不同行星或气味对齐，让你能创造性组合炼金配方，这大概是我见过最接近“真正”炼金术的。
indigochill查看英文原文
Even as a long-time IF fan, Hadean Lands blew my mind. It remembers exactly how you solved every puzzle, so if for instance you find a door locked again after you figured out how to unlock it, all you have to do is say you want to open the door and the game replays the whole process of unlocking it (to make up an example so as to avoid spoiling anything). Some of the puzzles get quite involved, so the depth of the system's memory is quite impressive. Also the symbolic way it handles alchemy, such that objects are understood to be aligned with various planets or aromas, allowing you to get creative with alchemical recipes, is probably the closest I've seen to "real" alchemy.
交互叙事的技术门槛不高，真正的难点是设计出适合叙述形式、好玩的游戏。
作者回复说：他仍在琢磨IF，正在开发一个非parser-based的IF系统原型；很多人尝试让IF适配Alexa，让Alexa响应命令很容易，难的是设计一个在叙述形式下好玩的游戏。
zarfeblong查看英文原文
Hi! Thanks for the thread. :) I'll accumulate a bunch of replies here, if that's okay... First, I apologize for having a web page that implies that I haven't done any IF since 2017. Cragne Manor actually came out in late 2018, and I added it to my IF page, but I forgot to update the "last updated" date. (Fixed now.) I'm still messing around with IF ideas. I'm working on a prototype for a non-parser-based IF system. It's a work in progress and I don't have anything to show off yet; we'll see how far it gets over the summer. I suspect that dozens, nay, scores of people are trying to make IF work on Alexa. It's not an area that I'm working on myself, but I know some of the folks at Earplay (mentioned above). My understanding is that getting Alexa to respond to commands is pretty easy; the hard part is designing a game that plays well in narrated form. Yes, I can sometimes be spotted wandering around the Somerville/Cambridge area. We have a monthly IF meetup at MIT: http://pr-if.org/ Anyone is welcome to drop in. And also! If I may spend a moment promoting a current project... we are organizing an IF conference called NarraScope this summer. It will be held at MIT, June 14-16. http://narrascope.org/ It will be cool. People should come.
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