讲故事与叙事2019fair.org
媒体总把可怕的故事包装成“励志”的坚持鸡汤
Media Can’t Stop Presenting Horrifying Stories as ‘Uplifting’ Perseverance Porn
导读
这篇文章批评美国媒体习惯把骇人的个人苦难（看不起病、负债、事故）包装成“励志坚持”的温情故事，用娱乐化的叙事掩盖制度性问题。写作者值得一读，因为它提醒我们：选择讲谁的故事、把苦难归结为个人还是结构，本身就是一种立场，而煽情最容易让读者在感动中放弃追问。
可以直接用的写作要点
- 01
写苦难时先问一句：我把原因归给了个人品格，还是也呈现了制度与环境？只写“她很坚强”往往等于替系统免责。
- 02
检视自己稿件的叙事框架：读者读完是“被感动”，还是“被激怒并想追问为什么”，前者常是麻醉，后者才是信息。
- 03
把本应并置的两类故事放在一起写——极端富裕与极端匮乏——让对比本身说话，而不是各自孤立地发表。
- 04
少用“uplifting”“inspiring”这类预设情绪的形容词，用具体细节和数字呈现代价，把判断留给读者。
HN 评论精选
媒体把严肃议题娱乐化、无害化，是为了消解人们行动的冲动。
主流媒体总体上是把严肃的政治和社会议题裹进娱乐、窥私或煽情的外衣里，任何严肃议题都被简化到彻底无害为止。医疗、枪支暴力、财阀统治、腐败、民主之死与新封建主义的兴起、帝国主义与无休止的战争、气候变化与化石燃料产业——这些议题的所有细节都被转化成好看的故事，从而让人们不会真的拿起干草叉。就像亨利·福特那句名言：国民不懂银行与货币体系也好，因为一旦懂了，明天早上之前就会有一场革命。
wazoox查看英文原文
Generally speaking, the mainstream media do whatever is possible to hide away serious politics and social issues under a veil of entertainment, voyeurism, or pornography. Whatever serious issue is at take is dumbed down until it's completely harmless. Healthcare. Gun violence. Plutocracy. Corruption. The death or democracy and rise of a new feudalism. Imperialism and endless war. Climate change and fossil fuel industry. All of the details of these are turned into entertaining stories, preventing people from going to the pitchforks. You know the famous Henry Ford quote: "It is well enough that people of the nation do not understand our banking and monetary system, for if they did, I believe there would be a revolution before tomorrow morning."
励志故事的潜台词是让穷人闭嘴、别向老板和政客提要求，同时禁止把贫富两种叙事联系起来看。
我觉得很多这类故事讲的是人们在失灵的环境里努力求生，而他们爱发的另一类故事是富人的奢华生活。真正的禁忌是把这两者联系起来：一边是连基本医疗都没有、为学校午餐负债的人，另一边是拥有你难以想象的奢侈的人，可指出“这两件事也许相互关联”却似乎不被允许。很多这样的报道其实是在对穷人说：别抱怨了，学学我们写的这些人有多会想办法；当然，也别向老板要求加薪，别要求政客干得更好。
Ididntdothis查看英文原文
I feel a lot of these stories are about people trying to survive in dysfunctional environments. The other type of story they like to publish is about the glamouros lives of rich people. What seems to be taboo is to connect these two together. You have one group of people who don't get even the most basic healthcare or go into debt over school lunches and then you have others who have more luxury you can imagine. But somehow it’s not ok to point out that maybe one has to do with the other. It seems to me a lot of these stories are about telling poor people “stop complaining and be as resourceful as the people we are writing about. And certainly don’t ask your boss for more money or your politicians for doing a better job”
众筹治病被当成温情故事，恰恰暴露了制度缺位。
这让我想到每次有人因为医疗原因开众筹页面的时候。作为欧洲人，我至今仍觉得这有点不可思议：人们得在网上乞讨，才能不被医疗费用弄得倾家荡产。
Entalpi查看英文原文
This reminds me of whenever someone creates a Gofund me for health reasons. It seems a bit alien to me still as a European that people need to go beg on the internet in order to not be financially ruined by healthcare costs. :-(
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