出版与作家生涯2020axios.com
数字出版开始赚钱了
Digital publishing is beginning to make money
导读
这篇 Axios 文章认为数字出版业开始盈利，并列举了几家公司作为例证。它值得写作者一读，因为它展示了“行业趋势”类文章常见的弱点：案例选择、因果归因和结尾的立场暴露；同时评论里也讨论了 micropayment、链接版权等与内容变现直接相关的问题。
可以直接用的写作要点
- 01
把商业模式完全不同的公司（订阅制、聚合、政治解释类）放进同一个“成功”清单，读者一眼就能看出论证不成立——举例要能对应同一个因果机制。
- 02
文章结尾引用“投资人开始看得更长远”，其实是在做投资者关系公关；写作时要留意自己的结尾是否在替某一方说话，而不是在陈述事实。
- 03
用一个具体可感的机制（如按阅读量给媒体分几美分）比罗列公司名更能让读者理解一个行业怎么赚钱。
- 04
样本量和代表性要在文中交代清楚：五家媒体不等于“数字出版业”，否则会被读者第一句就质疑掉。
HN 评论精选
案例异质却被强行归为同一趋势，结尾暴露了文章的公关动机。
这篇文章很奇怪。首先，列出的五家公司差异极大，我不认为 Business Insider 和 The Information 成功的原因是同一套；靠“接近权力”的访问式新闻起家的 Axios，和左翼解释类网站 Vox，成功原因也一样吗？文中本有值得讨论的点，比如版权法带来的监管俘获，但这些跟公司名单没关系。而文章结尾说“习惯快速回报的风险投资人开始对订阅制出版商采取更长远的视角”——这跟讨论成功毫无关系，这是投资人关系，是 Axios 在为下一轮融资或安抚急躁的投资人做公关。作为投资人，我会担心我的钱被花在这类事情上。
Traster查看英文原文
This article is very strange. Firstly, the five companies that are listed are just such an incredibly diverse group of companies. I don't know what's going on, but I don't think that we can really say that Business Insider is succeeding for the same reasons as The Information. Is Axios - who have been on a run with their access journalism succeeding for the same reason the left wing "Explainer" site Vox is? There are interesting points to discuss here - regulatory capture through copyright laws for example. But they seem to have nothing to do with the list of companies. But then we reach the end of the article: > Venture investors known for expecting quick returns tell Axios that they are beginning to take a longer view of their investments in publishers that have more sustainable business models, like subscriptions. This is nothing to do with actually discussing success, this is about investor relations, Axios trying to put out PR either in a run up to going for another funding round or because some investors are getting antsy. As an investor it would worry me that my investment is spending its time doing this sort of thing.
微支付+人工筛选的聚合模式，让读者愿意为优质新闻付费。
我很喜欢 inkl 的模式（无利益关联）。我付月费，它把我读的每篇文章对应的几美分分给出版商。它从几十家主要媒体聚合、筛选新闻（没有标题党）。本质上是微支付。这是我几十年来第一次为新闻付费，终于觉得自己在支持好的新闻业。
gbellinoz查看英文原文
I'm a fan of inkl's model (no affiliation). I pay a monthly subscription, and they send a few cents to the publisher of each article I read. They aggregate and curate the news (ie. no clickbait) from a few dozen major sources. Basically, micropayments. First time I've paid for news in a few decades and I finally feel like I'm supporting good journalism.
“为链接和标题付费”与网络运作方式及合理使用原则相冲突。
“全球新版权法浪潮意味着平台可能要为刊载出版商内容付费，哪怕只是一个链接标题或一小段文字。”为链接付费似乎与万维网的运作方式和版权法都不兼容（URL 是事实信息，不受版权保护）；为引用标题或极短摘录付费，似乎也与合理使用不兼容。
musicale查看英文原文
> A global wave of new copyright laws means that platforms are likely to have to start paying publishers for the right to carry their content, even if it's just a linked headline or bit of text. Paying for links seems incompatible with how the web works, and with copyright law (as URLs are factual information which is not subject to copyright.) Paying for quoting headlines or tiny excerpts of text also seems to be incompatible with fair use.
样本太小且不具代表性，难以支撑整个行业的结论。
列五家出版商就代表“数字出版业”实在勉强，而且其中一家（The Information）年费高达 400 美元。
joegahona查看英文原文
Listing five publishers is hardly "Digital Publishing," and one of those publishers (The Information) charges $400/year.
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