出版与作家生涯2020authorsguild.org
互联网档案馆的“国家应急图书馆”伤害了作者
Internet Archive’s National Emergency Library Harms Authors
导读
美国作家协会公开反对互联网档案馆在疫情期间推出的“国家紧急图书馆”，认为其“受控数字借阅”实际上是无限制分发受版权保护的作品，损害作者利益。对写作者来说，这篇值得一读，因为它把“作品如何被传播、由谁授权、作者如何获得报酬”这一整套版权与授权问题摆到了台面上——不管你写的是小说还是乐谱，这套规则都会落到你头上。
可以直接用的写作要点
- 01
搞清楚自己作品的授权边界（谁可以用、能用到什么程度、是否需要标注），这往往比稿费本身更影响作品的命运。
- 02
把“机构立场”和“作者个体利益”分开看：协会、出版社的诉讼和声明，未必代表每一个写作者的实际得失。
- 03
在特殊时期（比如疫情）对作品使用采取更灵活的授权，常常能换来读者和口碑，而不是损失。
- 04
写作之外要懂一点行业规则：版权期限、合理使用、许可协议这些概念会直接影响你能不能靠写作吃饭。
HN 评论精选
版权方在危机中的僵化授权流程，会把本来愿意付费的使用者推走。
这位评论者帮孩子的钢琴老师办线上比赛，技术部分（用谷歌表单收集报名和演奏视频）很容易，难的是评审看谱：线下时学生上场前把乐谱交给评委，评委据此比对演奏与谱面的差异。他们联系音乐出版商的授权律师，得到的回应却极不配合—— pandemic 期间仍坚持乐谱不能被“盗用”，要求给乐谱图片打上“经授权使用”水印、评委必须另买一份谱子、活动结束后必须安全删除所有文件。评论者说，这种危机时刻的僵化态度让人愤怒，如果有办法不向这些人买谱，他会立刻改换供应商。
ipython查看英文原文
Oh my god this attitude absolutely infuriates me. I just assisted my kids’ piano teacher in organizing an online virtual piano festival. The technical piece was easy- set up a google form where students could submit their information and a video of their performance. The hard part? In an in person festival, the student hands their sheet music to the judge sitting in the room before performing, so the judge can track and note any deviation between the music and the performance. We wanted a similar experience online, so our local festival organizers reached out to the wonderful music publishers licensing lawyers. Their response was wholly unhelpful. They wanted to make SO certain that in this pandemic their precious sheet music for elementary school age kids was NOT stolen. They wanted measures such as pasting a “used with permission” watermark on any picture of the music, purchasing a separate copy for the judges, and ensuring secure erase of any files after the festival! It was absolutely insane. This sort of inflexible attitude in a time of crisis makes me irrationally angry. If we had any way to avoid purchasing music from these .... people ... I would do it in a heartbeat.
版权未必真正惠及多数作者，可以用公共资助加开放授权作为替代方案。
版权制造的是人为的、不受欢迎的稀缺，而且我怀疑它其实养不活多少作者。文章里说写作收入中位数只有两万美元出头，我猜其中很大一部分还流向少数最畅销的作者，很多人几乎拿不到什么。不如废掉版权，另找支持创作者的办法——比如政府出资设立一批写作资助，由多方（最好包括公众）参与评选该资助谁。这也可以先不动版权，只要求受资助作品以 CC0 协议发布。
incompatible查看英文原文
Copyright just introduces artificial and undesirable scarcity, and I doubt that it really supports many authors. This piece says that mean writing incomes are only $20,300 a year, and I wouldn't be surprised if a large proportion goes to a few of the most popular authors and many get little or nothing. Scrap copyright and find other ways to support creators. I'd suggest funding from government for a decent number of writing scholarships with input from various sources (including the general public if feasible) on which writers to support. This could be started without scrapping copyright initially, simply require that all output from the scholarships be released under Creative Commons Zero.
作家协会在版权诉讼上一贯强硬，这次反对档案馆并非偶然。
就是这帮人当年在联邦法院起诉谷歌，声称哪怕谷歌搜索只显示摘要，仅仅是由谷歌保存一个可检索的受版权保护图书的存档，这一行为本身就构成侵权。
mjd查看英文原文
These are the same assholes that sued Google in federal court, claiming that even if Google provided only snippet results in searches, the very act of Google holding an archive of copyrighted books, and allowing it to be searched, was itself infringement. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Authors_Guild,_Inc._v._Google,_Inc. Fuck them.
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