小说与文学2020bitmason.blogspot.com
50 位作者，50 篇短于长篇小说的科幻故事
50 authors, 50 science fiction stories shorter than novels
导读
这是一篇书单博客的讨论：作者列出50位科幻作家的中短篇作品（短于长篇），评论者由此延伸到各自心中的遗珠、入门路径和文体偏好。对写作者来说，它提供了两条直接可用的思路：用短篇/中篇做高效的叙事练习，以及通过选集和“文体混搭”找到自己的声音。
可以直接用的写作要点
- 01
把中短篇当作叙事训练场：布拉德伯里用一个异星设定（金星殖民地的晴天）就同时写出儿童的残忍与事后自省，说明短篇的力量来自单一设定的极致化，而非信息量。
- 02
有意设计“隐藏结构”：Gene Wolfe 在书中埋谜题，使随手一读也完整、重读又更深——写作时可让表层故事自洽，同时给愿意细读的人留线索。
- 03
用选集扩大输入：由有声誉的编辑筛选的年度选集，是低成本发现新作者、观察不同声音与结构的高效方式。
- 04
别只读经典：有评论者特别推荐当代作家“厚而丰沛”的散文风格与古怪跳脱的声音，提示写作者要主动寻找语言质感上的多样性，而不只追情节和点子。
HN 评论精选
名单遗漏了莱姆与近年中文科幻，推荐《完美的真空》《北京折叠》《流浪地球》《看不见的星球》《荒潮》作为补充阅读。
很喜欢这份名单，也是博尔赫斯、伊根和姜峯楠的粉丝，但很惊讶没有莱姆——这样的名单必须有他。《完美的真空》非常精彩，《赛博利亚德》也是很好的候选。另一个意外是名单里没有中文科幻短篇：近年中国出了很多好作品，很多由刘宇昆翻译。郝景芳的《北京折叠》很棒且可免费阅读，还有刘慈欣的《流浪地球》（他的三体系列很受关注），另有一本选集《看不见的星球》收录了陈楸帆的几篇好故事，他还写过一本很好的长篇《荒潮》。
Barrin92查看英文原文
Like the list, big fan of Borges, Egan and Chiang, but very surprised to see no Lem. He has to be on a list like that. A Perfect Vacuum is brilliant and the Cyberiad is a great candidate as well. Another thing I'm surprised to not see on the list is Chinese short-story sci-fi, there's been a lot of great stuff coming out of the country in recent years much of it translated by Ken Liu. Folding Beijing by Hao Jingfang is great and free to read[1], there's The Wandering Earth by Liu Cixin whose Three Body books got a lot of attention, and there's another collection called Invisible Planets, which has a few good stories by Chen Qiufan. He's also written a very good novel called Waste Tide. [1]https://uncannymagazine.com/article/folding-beijing-2/
以布拉德伯里为例说明一个异星设定如何集中呈现儿童残忍与自省；并分析 Wolfe 的“藏谜题”、三种文体交织与“衰败而非末日”的世界质感。
我大约八岁时第一次接触科幻，是布拉德伯里的《那一天，整个夏天》。它用人类殖民金星这一奇幻背景，赤裸地写出孩子们的残忍无情，以及他们日后理解自己所作所为的能力。我不常想起它，但它对我有塑造作用。那个年纪、那样的经历下，它给我的冲击大概就像《抽签》给许多年长读者的冲击一样。另一部吸引人的中篇是 Gene Wolfe 1972 年的《刻耳柏洛斯的第五个头》：由三个短篇组成，三种不同笔法，彼此关联，内含一个核心谜团。Wolfe 以在书中藏谜题著称，这些谜题会加深你对故事的理解与欣赏，却完全不损害随意阅读的乐趣。他是我最喜欢的作家，我也承认他有时失手。他最好的作品（包括这一部）都发生在这样的世界里：长期建立的系统正处于衰败之中——不像灾难性反乌托邦，更像一间疏于维护却仍在使用、被美丽的凌霄花慢慢拉散的棚屋，而且并非没有希望。他还擅长让科幻在你细看之前看起来像奇幻。如果你喜欢重读，去找他。
filoeleven查看英文原文
My first introduction to sci-fi, I think, at the tender age of maybe eight, was Ray Bradbury’s All Summer In A Day. It uses the fantastical setting of human colonies on Venus to starkly illustrate both the thoughtless cruelty of children and their ability to later understand what they’ve done. I don’t think of it often, but it was formative. So thanks OP for the reminder. At that age, with my experience then, it had the same effect that The Lottery had on a lot of older people, I think. An engaging novella by a now-dead luminary is The Fifth Head of Cerberus by Gene Wolfe, 1972. It’s a book of three short stories, written in three different styles, all interrelated and containing a central mystery. Wolfe is well-known for hiding puzzles in his books that deepen your understanding and appreciation of his stories without detracting at all from a more casual reading. He’s my favorite author, and I’ll freely admit that he’s hit-or-miss sometimes. His best works, this one included, are in worlds (usually some iteration of our own) where long-established systems are in a state of decay. More like an ill-maintained shed that’s still used while being slowly pulled apart by a beautiful trumpet vine than some catastrophic dystopia, and not without hope. He also has a knack for making sci-fi look like fantasy until you pay closer attention that I really like. If you’re someone who likes to re-read your books, check him out. I’m still holding out for Book of the Long Sun to be made into a miniseries; it’s one of the reasons I bring him up so often. Someday, the right set of eyes may read this =)
选集是发现新作者的高效入口，播客也是持续接触新短篇的渠道。
我是通过读选集进入科幻的。选集通常由有声誉的人筛选过，是发现新晋喜爱作者的好办法。这里有225个例子（Goodreads 最佳科幻选集榜单）。《Escape Pod》播读新的科幻短篇，已更新到第740多期，曾是2020年雨果奖决选者。
8bitsrule查看英文原文
I got started in SF by reading the anthologies. Typically vetted by people with a reputation. Fine way to find new favorite authors. 225 examples : https://www.goodreads.com/list/show/7967.Best_Science_Fiction_Anthologies 'Escape Pod' reads new short SF, now up to its 740s; it was a 2020 Hugo finalist : https://escapepod.org/
科幻常缺“厚实丰沛”的散文质感与古怪跳脱的声音，建议在经典之外主动读当代作家。
名单上不少是科幻传奇，但我最庆幸看到的是末尾几位：Maria Machado 和 Jemisin 都是了不起的声音，文风厚实而丰沛，这正是科幻有时欠缺的。Charlie Jane Anders 则古怪得令人愉快，她至今每本小说都让我读得开心。总体来说，我建议不要只读老经典：读一点经典，然后进入现代作品，那里有很多可喜欢的。可以看看 Martha Wells、Matt Wallace、T. Kingfisher、K.B. Wagers 等。
BelleOfTheBall查看英文原文
Quite a few on this list are sci-fi legends but I'm most glad to see the tail-end: both Maria Machado and Jemisin are amazing voices who write thick and lush prose, something that sci-fi lacks sometimes. Charlie Jane Anders, meanwhile, is delightfully off-beat and every novel of hers was a pleasant time so far. In general, I'd recommend to not stick to the oldies. Read a bit of the classics and then venture into the modern stuff, there's a lot to like there. Martha Wells, Matt Wallace, T. Kingfisher, K.B. Wagers, to name a few.
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