出版与作家生涯2021theguardian.com
乔治·奥威尔作品进入公有领域,接下来会怎样?
George Orwell is out of copyright. What happens now?
导读
2021 年奥威尔作品在英国进入公有领域,本文讨论这意味着什么:哪些文本可以自由使用、哪些仍受限制,以及大量遗作、书信的归属问题。对写作者来说,这是一次重新阅读并借鉴奥威尔散文与随笔的机会,也提醒我们注意版权期限在各国并不一致。
可以直接用的写作要点
- 01
奥威尔的随笔和散文(如《Such, Such Were the Joys》)多年前就可在网上读到,公版改变的是能否合法引用、改编和再出版,而不是能否读到。
- 02
版权期限因国家而异(加拿大、澳大利亚等地已较早到期),引用或改编经典文本前要确认目标司法辖区的规则,别把一国的公版当成全球公版。
- 03
把公版作家当成免费的写作教材:拆解奥威尔的政论随笔如何用具体事例和清晰句子支撑论点,再模仿练笔。
- 04
改编经典(如《一九八四》)时,真正的难点不是版权,而是如何把原作的政治隐喻转译成当代语境,而不是照搬符号。
HN 评论精选
奥威尔多数作品早已可在线获取,公版的实际影响在于能否合法再出版与改编。
补充一点:奥威尔的大部分作品,包括随笔,多年来一直可以在 orwell.ru 上读到。其中包括《Such, Such Were the Joys》,也就是卫报文章提到的那篇写他在苏塞克斯预备学校受苦经历的名篇——1952 年先在美国发表,因担心诽谤直到 1968 年才在英国出版。这篇文章在该网站上已经挂了很久。
samizdis查看英文原文
FWIW, most of Orwell's works, including essays, have been available for many years at https://orwell.ru/ These include "Such, such were the joys", referenced in the Guardian article when it states: "Neither will anyone be allowed to trespass on all the material that came to light post-1950 and which Davison painstakingly assembled in his compendious George Orwell: The Complete Works (1998). This includes Such, Such Were the Joys, the notorious account of his tribulations at a character-forming Sussex prep school, first published in the US in 1952 but not issued in the UK until as late as 1968, for fear of libel proceedings." That essay is here, and has been for a long time: https://orwell.ru/library/essays/joys/english/e_joys
版权期限各国不一,跨境使用经典文本需逐国确认,法律差异会带来实际麻烦。
注意这只适用于英国(以及另外一些“终生加 70 年”的国家),他的作品在一些国家早已过期。加拿大是终生加 50 年,即伯尔尼公约的最低标准;澳大利亚只对 1955 年后去世的作者适用终生加 70 年,像奥威尔(1950 年去世)这样的作者按终生加 50 年处理。这种混乱的版权拼图,据我记忆正是当年亚马逊从 Kindle 上删除部分《一九八四》副本的根源。
paulgb查看英文原文
Note that while this applies to the UK [edit: not US, thanks boomboomsubban] (and some other life+70 countries), the copyright on his work has already expired in some countries. In Canada, the copyright term is life + 50 rather than life + 70, the minimum under the Berne Convention. In Australia, only authors who died after 1955 (Orwell died in 1950) get life + 70; authors such as Orwell are "grandfathered in" to life + 50. IIRC (although I can't find a source now), this confusing patchwork of copyright was the root cause behind the infamous deletion of some copies of 1984 from Kindles: https://www.nytimes.com/2009/07/18/technology/companies/18amazon.html
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