出版与作家生涯2021logosnews.tech
学术“代写”:一桩无人愿谈的作弊丑闻
Academic “ghost-writing”: the cheating scandal no one will discuss (2020)
导读
这篇 2020 年的报道聚焦高校里的“幽灵写作”现象：学生付费请人代写论文、作业甚至整套课程，而学校往往知道却难以取证、也不愿重罚。对写作者而言，它值得一读，因为它把“写作”还原成一种可以被买卖、被冒充的能力凭证，逼人思考署名、过程与真实写作能力之间的关系。
可以直接用的写作要点
- 01
代写之所以有市场，是因为人们看重“成品”而非“过程”；想真正提高写作，就要保留草稿与修改痕迹，让能力长在自己身上。
- 02
考试式、限时的现场写作说明了一件事：可验证的写作能力来自脱离资料也能当场构思成文，平时应刻意练习这种“裸写”。
- 03
制度对抄袭的宽容会向学生传递“写作不重要”的信号：在自己的写作与教学中，要把引用规范和原创标准明确说出来。
- 04
署名是写作者最核心的资产，一旦作品可以外包，名字就不再代表能力；写作长期主义的关键是让每一篇署名的东西都真的出自自己。
HN 评论精选
代写难以举证，所以现场考试仍是验证真实写作与理解能力的必要手段。
大学一直在讨论这个问题，只是极难取证。这也是我们保留考试的原因之一：虽然考试问题很多（尤其在计算机科学领域），但把人关进一间屋子里答题，确实能验证学生是否真的掌握了这门课。
CJefferson查看英文原文
Universities discuss this all the time. It's incredibly hard to prove. This is one reason we keep exams -- while they have many problems (particularly in Computer Science), forcing someone to sit in a room and answer questions gives a way of checking the student really does understand the course.
作弊普遍且被默许，惩罚力度往往让位于教学指标。
说“没人讨论”并不准确。一位历史系教授曾跟我长篇讲述他当年靠替人写论文换酒钱的经历，他说直到有个客户被抓才收手。我在大学得到的惨痛教训是：校方非常清楚作弊的存在，却并不热衷惩罚。我大一某门课上有 11 个人因为抄一份“整学期写日记”的作业被抓，按理该挂科甚至开除，但那位教授不想让班上挂科率太高，只给了那次作业零分。
nitwit005查看英文原文
No one will discuss? I got a rambling story from a history professor about how he used to write papers for beer money. He claimed he stopped when one of his clients was caught. The unfortunate lesson I got from university is that they were very aware of cheating, but not all that enthused about penalizing people for it. 11 people in one of my freshmen classes got copying an assignment to keep a journal over the semester. In theory, they should have failed the class or been expelled, but the professor didn't want such a high rate of her class failing and just gave them a zero for the one assignment.
作弊可以升级为“身份外包”：连注册照片都由替身完成，整段学业被代读。
我此前工作的大学遇过更高级一层的问题：学校有很多来自中国和中东的国际学生，多半是富裕（但不算巨富）家庭的孩子，成绩往往一般（学校排名也不高）。代写确实是问题，但理论上还能抓——比如要求现场考试、考试必须带学生证。但校方后来发现，有些学生干脆在入学时就雇人代替自己注册、拍照，然后由这个“替身”替他们读完整个学位。注册时虽要验证身份，只要雇来的人长得有点像就能蒙混过关。
cycomanic查看英文原文
The previous university I worked at had a problem even one level more sophisticated. The school had a lot of international students, mainly from China and the Middle East. Mostly these were children of rich (but not obscenely rich) parents and often not particularly smart (the school was not super highly ranked). Now the ghostwriting was also an issue, but that theoretically still can be caught (and it was from time to time). One way to do that was requiring in person exams and you always had to cary your uni I'd for the exams. However, what the University administration realised is that there were some students essentially hired someone at the beginning of their studies to impersonate them at registration, where they got their photo taken. The "impersonator" would then complete the full studies for the student. Now you need to id yourself at registration, however if the hired person looked somewhat similar it would just go through.
读这类报道要先看利益相关方：揭露“问题”的文章本身可能就是营销。
提醒 HN 管理员：这其实是一则广告。网站“unemployedprofessors.com”正在全网做非常强势的游击营销，他们用一批 Instagram 段子号做未披露的推广（比如 @russiansinlondon），一边散播这类关于代写“问题”的文章，一边其实是在推销自己。HN 上真正该讨论的，是这家公司如何用这些手段为自己引流。
possiblelion查看英文原文
Hey HN admins! This is actually an ad! The website "unemployedprofessors.com" has a really really strong guerilla marketing campaign going on all over the web. They've used a bunch of instagram meme accounts to do undisclosed promotions (such as @russiansinlondon) and spread these articles about the "problem" of ghostwriting while actually just promoting them. The real article on HN should be about how this company is using all these crazy tricks to get them traffic.
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