小说与文学2021theguardian.com
一部重新发现的约翰·洛克失传回忆录
A rediscovered lost memoir about John Locke
导读
《卫报》报道了一份新发现的、经三手转述的回忆录手稿,其中把哲学家约翰·洛克描绘成虚荣、懒惰、自命不凡的人。对写作者来说,这篇值得一读的地方在于:它展示了具体细节和轶闻如何塑造人物形象,也提醒我们一则孤立的史料如何容易被当成定论。
可以直接用的写作要点
- 01
写人物时,一个具体的缺点或生活细节,往往比一串抽象评价更能让读者记住这个人。
- 02
引用单一、转手多次的材料时,要在文中交代它的来源和可信度,别把轶闻写成定论。
- 03
用反差制造张力:一个被说成“懒惰”的人却写出了《人类理解论》,这种矛盾本身就是叙事的钩子。
- 04
区分新闻转述和原始研究,尽量追溯到一手来源,再判断证据的分量。
HN 评论精选
读者爱看名人“跌落凡间”的细节,因为这让他们产生亲近感和自我安慰。
读公众人物的性格缺陷让我着迷,大概就像人们爱看狗仔拍到明星穿着运动裤、睡眼惺忪买咖啡的照片——邋遢、普通身材、基本上就是个正常人。部分吸引力来自一种零和的自我满足:把明星拉回地面,让我相信自己离“成功”更近了一点,尽管我连沙发都没离开过。
sdwr查看英文原文
Reading about the character flaws of public figures is fascinating to me, in (I'm assuming) the same way people like paparazzi photos of celebrities getting coffee in sweatpants. Bleary-eyed, frumpy, regular-sized, basically normal. Part of the attraction is a kind of zero-sum ego trip. Bringing stars down to earth lets me believe that I'm closer to having "made it" in some vague, ill-defined way, without ever having to leave the couch.
单一随手笔记被当作确凿证据,报道的确定性被夸大了。
有意思的是,这么一段随手记下的笔记就被当成了金科玉律。它很可能是真的,但文章里那种笃定的语气似乎有些过头了。
smitty1e查看英文原文
It's interesting that this bit of offhand notes is taken as gospel. Quite possibly it's valid, but it seems as though the certainty of TFA could be overplayed.
用事实反差反驳“懒惰”的标签,说明人物评价需要证据平衡。
洛克好歹取得了医师资格,在大学教过(我记得是)古典学,还写出了《人类理解论》。对一个“懒人”来说,这成绩可不算差。
cafard查看英文原文
Somehow Locke managed to qualify as a physician, teach (as I recall it) classics at the university, and write the Essay Concerning Human Understanding. Not half bad for a lazy man.
指出新闻背后的原始学术来源,并说明这则材料真正的价值在于洛克与霍布斯的关系。
这是《卫报》记者的综述,原始研究发表在《现代史杂志》上(付费墙后)。简而言之:学者一直说不清洛克与霍布斯的思想关系,尽管两人是17世纪英国最重要的政治哲学家。洛克的作品常像是在回应霍布斯,却从不点名提到他。但这份新发现的手稿是(三手)记述,说洛克早年细读过霍布斯的《利维坦》,甚至向别人推荐过,后来却否认自己读过。手稿里还有些关于洛克的刻薄话,学术价值大概没那么大。
libraryofbabel查看英文原文
This is a summary by a journalist in the Guardian; the original scholarship is in the Journal of Modern History (paywalled)[0]. tldr: scholars have never been able to say very much concrete about John Locke's intellectual relationship to Thomas Hobbes, despite these two dudes being the most important 17th-century English political philosophers. Locke's work often appears to be responding to Hobbes, but he conspicuously never mentions him by name. But wait! This new manuscript is a (third-hand) account saying that Locke read Hobbes's Leviathan closely earlier in his life and even recommended the book to others, but later would deny that he ever read it. (Also the manuscript says some other mean things about Locke which are of maybe less scholarly interest.) It's an interesting sort of find, although 17th-century intellectual history was not my specialty when I was a historian so it's hard to say how really important it is in terms of reorienting that sub-field. Bigger picture, I suppose it depends on how much you care about what Locke thought of Hobbes. [0] https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/abs/10.1086/714068
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