出版与作家生涯2022techdirt.com
作者们反击后，出版社对图书馆开战却恼羞成怒
Publishers Lose Their Shit After Authors Push Back on Their Attack on Libraries
导读
这篇帖子讲的是：美国出版商协会攻击图书馆与“受控数字借阅”，一批作者联名声援图书馆，出版商随即发声明指责这封信是“虚假信息”，双方矛盾激化。评论区一位作者把争议的技术核心（CDL 的“拥有多少本，才能同时借出多少份”原则）讲得很清楚，也示范了如何在支持一方的同时明确反对其越界行为，对写作者理解和处理争议性议题很有参考价值。
可以直接用的写作要点
- 01
先立起一条读者一听就懂的原则（如“拥有多少本实体书，才能同时借出多少份”），再据此判断谁对谁错，比堆砌立场更有说服力。
- 02
支持某一方时，明确划出自己不认同的具体行为，并说明理由；这种“有保留的支持”比一味站队更可信。
- 03
引用行业内部人士（如“作为作者，我……”）的立场，能让批评获得外部读者难以具备的分量。
- 04
小心“虚假信息”这类标签化词汇的语义漂移：写批评文章时，用具体事实描述对方做了什么，而不是给对方贴一个词。
HN 评论精选
用一条清晰原则区分“合理借阅”与“越界盗版”，并说明有保留的支持比盲目站队更有说服力。
我是一名支持图书馆和受控数字借阅（CDL）的作者，但我强烈反对疫情初期互联网档案馆那种不受控的数字借阅做法。原则很简单：如果 IA 或任何在线图书馆拥有一本书的实体副本，CDL 允许它出借实体或数字版本，但同时在借的数量不能超过它拥有的实体数量——相当于把数字副本当作实体副本对待，不能同时借给多个人。出版商不喜欢 CDL，更想要利润更高的电子书授权，但这其实是版权法精神的一种直观应用。IA 却放弃了 CDL，借出的副本远多于它拥有的数量，公然无视版权法的字面与精神，实质上等于盗版，出版商就此提起诉讼是完全正当的。有人替这种做法辩护说 IA 做了很多重要工作、诉讼会威胁这些工作，于是认定诉讼才是问题；但如果 IA 的工作真的重要，而这种做法危及了这些工作，那错在那些愿意拿它冒险的 IA 决策者。所以，作为作者我支持图书馆——除非图书馆开始像盗版者一样行事。
jawns查看英文原文
I am an author who supports libraries and Controlled Digital Lending, but I vehemently opposed the Internet Archive's uncontrolled digital lending stunt at the start of the pandemic. The principle is simple. If the IA or any online library owns a physical copy of a book, then CDL says it can be lent out either physically or digitally, but only as much at a time as there are physical copies owned. You basically treat digital copies as if they are physical copies, which can't be lent to more than one person simultaneously. Publishers don't like CDL, preferring more lucrative ebook licensing, but it's an intuitive application of the spirit of copyright law. IA decided to abandon CDL and loan out many more copies of books than it owned. In other words, they blatantly ignored copyright, in both the letter and spirit of the law, and effectively pirated the material. And I think the publishers were very much in the right to pursue litigation about that. I hear defenders of this stunt say that IA does so much important work, and that litigation threatens the good work, so they conclude the litigation is the problem. But if IA really does such important work, and the stunt jeopardized that work, then the fault lies with those at IA who were willing to imperil that work. So yes, as an author I support libraries. Unless the libraries start acting like pirates.
行业内部的信任裂痕会让一次公关失言被放大成长期矛盾。
在企鹅兰登与西蒙舒斯特合并案的庭审中，出版业证人表现出的恶意与轻蔑已经让作者们群情激愤，所以出版商的这番操作根本不可能缓和他们与作者之间本已紧张的关系。
HillRat查看英文原文
Authors were already generally up in arms over the bad faith and contempt displayed by publishing-industry witnesses in the Penguin Random House/Simon & Schuster merger trial, so this was not exactly calculated to smooth over the troubled waters between authors and publishers.
警惕“虚假信息”这类词的语义漂移，写作时用事实描述代替标签。
美国出版商协会发声明，谎称那封联名信其实是在“互联网档案馆案中散布虚假信息”。我觉得美国出版商协会和其他一些参与者正在重新定义英文单词“虚假信息”的含义——如今这个词基本等同于“你不同意的东西”或“你非常讨厌的东西”。不知道在线词典什么时候会跟上。
g42gregory查看英文原文
> The Association of American Publishers put out a statement falsely claiming that the letter ... was actually “disinformation in the Internet Archive case.” I think that The Association of American Publishers, together with other players, are in the process of re-defining the meaning of English word "disinformation". These days, the word "disinformation" basically means "something you disagree with" or "something you strongly dislike". I wonder if the online dictionaries would be catching up at some point.
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