讲故事与叙事2022fallows.substack.com
媒体故事其实只有五种
There are only five media stories
导读
这篇文章讨论媒体如何把复杂现实塞进少数几种反复出现的叙事模板（如局外人夺权、受害者反转等），并指出这些模板让报道更易消费却也更失真。写作者值得读，是因为它既提醒你警惕现成故事形状对事实的裁剪，也帮你理解读者为何会被熟悉剧情迅速带入。
可以直接用的写作要点
- 01
先辨认自己正在使用的叙事原型（逆袭、局外人夺权、战胜怪物等），再问它是否真的服务于材料，而不是让模板替你做判断。
- 02
写冲突时别急着把多方压成两方；先保留中间立场、利益差异和事实灰度，再决定叙事焦点。
- 03
借用经典故事曲线（如冯内古特的“洞中之人”“灰姑娘”）可以搭结构，但要用具体细节和人物选择把模板撑开。
- 04
新闻或非虚构写作中，先列事实清单，再选叙事框架；不要让“英雄/反派”“弱者逆袭”的熟悉感替代对复杂性的解释。
HN 评论精选
常见故事原型不多，新闻叙事也会套用；写作者可借原型但需警惕其简化现实。
他反驳说媒体故事不止五个，而是七种：大白鲨式（战胜怪物）、灰姑娘式（好人由穷变富并配得上）、指环王式（把关键物件送到奇异之地拯救世界）、霍比特人式（去陌生土地冒险后归来）、安妮·霍尔式（喜剧人物克服逆境获得幸福结局）、理发师陶德式（有缺陷的主角失败后学会克服缺陷变好）、土拨鼠之日式（时间循环迫使坏主角变好）。他认为新闻叙事反复套用这些原型，并追问这是有意还是像电影一样虚构。
incomingpain查看英文原文
>here are really only five possible movie plot lines. Boy meets girl. And then... There are at most five ongoing narratives in U.S. political history. Outsiders take power, to redress grievances. And then … There may not be even five master narratives in world religions. People suffer. But then … 7 plots, there are 7 media stories. Jaws, overcoming the boogyman/shark. Cinderella, good personality poor becomes rich and deserves it. LOTR, you need to bring widget somewhere wierd to save the world. Hobbit, you adventure to strange lands and come back. Annie Hall, comedic character has to overcome adversity to get happy ending Sweeny Todd, flawed main character who fails, then ultimately learns to overcome their flaw and become good and happy. Groundhog day, time travel forces bad main character to become better. All these are aligned in the news as discovered by the author. Realistically just following 'hate inc' by matt taibi. Which really the article/author and matt just comes from Hunter Thompson. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gonzo_journalism You can imagine, over and over in the election system the characters of democracy play out exactly this way. Once you realize this, it forces you to personally answer the obvious question. Are they doing it intentionally or is this all fake like these fictional movies?
用故事形状/曲线理解叙事结构，是写作者可借用的经典工具。
查尔斯·W 推荐冯内古特《故事的形状》视频，提到“洞中之人”“男孩得到女孩”“灰姑娘”等故事曲线。
CharlesW查看英文原文
"Kurt Vonnegut on the Shapes of Stories": https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oP3c1h8v2ZQ (Shapes: Man in Hole, Boy Gets Girl, Cinderella)
冲突会压缩多重视角为二元对立；写作中要警惕这种简化，并保留细节与中间立场。
为什么争斗总有两方？科学视角可能有很多变量和分布；两方并非自然，而是争斗本身造成的。人们会选最接近自己观点的阵营；争斗开始后，观点中的细微差别消失，承认己方论证弱点会被视为不忠，两个主要阵营会吸收更小的群体。他还举了二战中国和冷战等例子。
csours查看英文原文
Why are there two sides to a fight? If you investigate something from a scientific point of view, you may look at many different variables. You may come up with a pareto distribution based on your observations. There's nothing particularly natural about having two sides. I think there are two sides because of the fight itself. There may be many points of view, but people choose the side closest to their point of view. After the fighting starts, all the nuance about those points of view disappears. After the fighting starts, it is disloyal to acknowledge any weakness in the arguments or proposals of your own side. After the fighting starts, the two main camps will subsume any smaller groups. ---- I think it's interesting to think about times when there were more than two sides: China during and shortly after WWII - think about Japan vs China and KMT vs Communists. During the Japanese invasion and occupation, the Chinese forces mainly cooperated, or at least tried to appear cooperative. Once the pressure of that fight ended, the Chinese groups were free to fight each other --- Another: US vs Communism until the end of the Cold War and then Red vs Blue. --- Do you have any examples?
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