小说与文学2013sam-koblenski.blogspot.com
《安德的游戏》是一个被低估的关于不确定性的故事
Ender's Game is an Understated Story of Uncertainty
导读
这篇文章讨论《安德的游戏》如何以含蓄克制的方式表现“不确定性”,并由此引出写作者熟悉的“展示而非讲述”问题。对写作者来说,它值得一读,因为你可以借此反思:何时该让场景自己说话,何时又不得不直接讲述,以及怎样避免故事滑向道德说教。
可以直接用的写作要点
- 01
当作者对要传达的内容缺乏把握时,容易滑向“讲述”;先问自己能否用场景和细节让读者自行抵达结论。
- 02
好的虚构作品之所以多“展示”,是因为要传达的东西太大、太复杂,无法用一句道理简单说明。
- 03
如果故事开始给出道德教训,试着在情节中削弱、阻挠或复杂化它,避免作品变成寓言式说教。
- 04
参考优秀数学/计算机书的写法:作者与读者一起探索,只呈现材料,让读者补全缺失的细节。
HN 评论精选
“讲述”常源于作者对内容缺乏信心;真正自信的写作应呈现材料,让读者自行补全。
能暂时摆脱那些没完没了的“讲述”,真是令人耳目一新。我常发现,“讲述”往往出现在一个领域还没有可靠真相或作者缺乏信心的时候:作者必须给出建议,因为他不敢确定,只要把所知展示出来,读者就会到达和他一样的地方。数学书也有很多“讲述”,但最好的数学书不必如此;它们只呈现内容,让读者自己补全缺失的细节。这几乎像小说的自信——好作者展示而不讲述,因为他们想分享的东西太大,无法简单解释。我也发现最好的计算机书不必“讲述”;我最近读《Reasoned Schemer》,立刻喜欢上它的写法:作者和“读者”一起探索,按合适的节奏推进。
tel查看英文原文
But boy, is it refreshing to get away from all of that telling, telling, telling for a while. I often find telling comes about when there is no ground truth or confidence in a field. The author must advise because there's no certainty that if they just showed you what they knew you would arrive in the same place as they. Mathematics does a lot of telling too, but the best books don't need to as much. They just present things and let you fill in the missing details. It's almost-but-not-quite the confidence of fiction, where a good author shows and doesn't tell because the things they're trying to share are just too large to be simply explained. I've also found the best CS books don't have to tell. I was recently reading the Reasoned Schemer and I immediately came to love the style they wrote it in. The author and the "reader" are just exploring something together at whatever rate makes sense. It's one of the few CS books I'd want to read over again.
当故事要给出道德教训时,作者应主动削弱或阻挠它,避免作品变成说教。
对,Orson Scott Card 曾给过一条写作建议:一旦你注意到自己的故事正试图给某人一个道德教训,就设法削弱或阻挠它。我想你在这里看到的正是这一点(尽管这个系列还有关于《摩门经》的总体寓言及随之而来的教训)。
fennecfoxen查看英文原文
Right, so, Orson Scott Card once gave a piece of writing advice: as soon as you notice that your story is trying to give someone a moral, try to undermine it or thwart it in some way. I think that's what you're seeing here (notwithstanding the series' overarching allegory on the book of Mormon and whatever attendant lessons exist there). Postscript: Hey, guys, some of you need to crank up the ostentatious "I hate ender's game!" knob a little louder. Some of us still are unaware that there exist people who dislike the book! Surely your links to a blog post which polarizes the matter in the light of your favorite philosophical or political movement will change everyone's opinion and fix this. :P
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