AI 与写作2014singularityhub.com
更多新闻正由机器人撰写
More News Is Being Written By Robots
导读
文章讨论自动化写作已经进入新闻生产：地震、体育比分、彩票结果等模板化内容可由脚本把原始数据转成自然语言报道。对写作者而言，真正值得学习的不是“填模板”，而是判断数据中什么最重要、围绕这个发现组织叙事；同时也要警惕自动发布通稿会削弱记者的追问和核实。
可以直接用的写作要点
- 01
把高度公式化的事实短讯交给脚本处理，省下时间做分析、采访和更重要的写作。
- 02
写数据类报道时，先找出对读者最重要的点并放进导语，而不是把原始数据直接堆给读者。
- 03
机器容易写清“谁赢了、比分多少”，难写出“首次无安打”这类有语境和意义判断的叙事；写作要解释重要性。
- 04
如果自动化只是把来源通稿搬到新闻页，写作者更应保留质疑、核实和追问的空间。
HN 评论精选
自动化写作的价值在分析和提炼重点，而不是套模板填数据。
我以前在日报做网络编辑，每天要写彩票结果和海滩冲浪条件短讯。这些内容极其公式化，我就写了按键脚本抓取、解析数据并生成报道，省下时间做更重要的事。有人说为什么不直接显示原始数据？因为要替读者省去分析数据的麻烦。比如中奖号码脚本会列出哪些州有人中奖；如果只吐原始数据，读者可能漏掉中奖者来自本州，而生成报道会把这放导语。Narrative Science的Quill魔力也不在“疯狂填词”式填空，而在分析数据、找出最重要部分并围绕它构建故事。机器人写“老虎队昨天1比0胜狼队，John Johnson本垒打”不难；难的是写出“Tom Thompson投出生涯首个无安打”这类有意义的叙事。
jawns查看英文原文
I used to work as a web editor at a daily newspaper. One of my daily responsibilities was to write and post short blurbs about lottery results and beach surf conditions. They both were extremely formulaic, so I wrote push-button scripts that would fetch the data, parse it, and generate stories. Saved me time, which I used to do other, more important things. Some people have said, "Why not just display the raw data?" Well, to save you the trouble of having to analyze the data. For instance, suppose I've written a Powerball results script that lists the winning numbers, along with which states had winners. If I'm just spitting out the raw data, then people might miss the fact that one of the winners was from our state -- whereas if I'm generating a story, I'm going to make that the lede. Similarly, the magic of a company like Narrative Science and its Quill service is not in taking a ton of data and filling in a bunch of blanks with the values, Mad Libs style. It's in analyzing the data and figuring out what the most important parts are, and constructing a story around those findings. In other words, it's not hard for a bot to write, "The Tigers played the Wolves yesterday. The Tigers won 1-0. The Tigers' John Johnson scored a home run." It's more difficult to write, "The Tigers' Tom Thompson pitched the first no-hitter of his career yesterday in a 1-0 game against the Wolves. Remarkably, the Wolves' pitcher, Dobbie Dobson, was moments away from forcing the game into extra innings with his own no-hitter, when, in the ninth inning with two outs and two strikes on the board, the Tigers' John Johnson hit a home run." (I'm not a baseball writer, so I'm probably bungling it, but you get the point.)
文章介绍自动化新闻工具及其激进预测，提醒读者区分机器生成与人类写作。
摘要：芝加哥创业公司Narrative Science开发脚本，把地震数据、网站分析等原始数据流转成可读的自然语言报告。一些新闻机构已用它快速、廉价地生成地震和少棒联盟报道。创始人Kristian Hammond有大想法：“2017年拿普利策奖”“2030年90%的新闻由机器人写”。本摘要由人类所写，仅此说明。
Pitarou查看英文原文
TL;DR A Chicago startup called Narrative Science makes scripts that turn raw data feeds such as seismological data or website analytics into accessible natural language reports. Some news outlets are already using them to get out earthquake and Little Leagues baseball reports quickly and cheaply. The founder, Kristian Hammond, has big ideas. "Pulitzer Prize by 2017." "90% of news written by bots in 2030." This TL;DR was written by a human. Just saying.
自动化通稿会消解记者追问和核实，不能等同于新闻。
如果写作者再也不必写五十词的地震简讯，大概没多少人会抱怨，短而干巴巴的信息稿交给机器人更好。但这套逻辑推下去，就可以替换成“总统新闻简报”“新闻泄露”“宣战公告”。让机器代写以加快发布，前提是来源的准确性在公开前已被假定，只要来源按公式提交稿件就行。这消除了可能提出复杂问题的记者能动性，所以我不认为它算新闻或新闻业；它只是把来源的话搬到新闻机构首页。既然如此，何必把通稿包装成独特内容？直接逐字刊登通稿并注明来源。
seanccox查看英文原文
"If a writer never had to compose a fifty word earthquake report again—few would complain. Better to leave the short, dry, purely informational articles to the bots." The logical extension of this software is to replace the phrase 'earthquake report'. "If a writer never had to compose a fifty word Presidential press brief again—few would complain." "If a writer never had to compose a fifty word news leak again—few would complain." "If a writer never had to compose a fifty word announcement of a declaration of war again—few would complain." Let the machine do the writing to expedite publishing, because the accuracy of the source is assumed before the information is even shared publicly, provided the source submits releases in a formulaic manner. This removes the agency of humans that might ask complicated questions (journalists) – so I don't believe it qualifies as news or journalism, at all. This just helps move the words of the source to the front page of a news agency. Why dress up the release as unique content at all? Just print the damn press release word for word and cite the source.
新闻的下一波竞争力在于有见识、有观点的分析，而非纯客观信息搬运。
多数新闻故事已经被人类压缩到140字符以内。新闻业的下一个前沿，是来自多视角的、有见识且有观点的分析大爆发。体育里有Grantland、Deadspin、538、Baseball Prospectus，政治里有Vox、538、Politico，科技里有Thompson、Evans、Gruber等。科技领先是因为前沿人群常对科技感兴趣，我相信这是整个新闻业走向的领先指标：一场有思考、分析性、但非纯客观写作的“寒武纪大爆发”。
mlchild查看英文原文
Most news stories are already being boiled down to < 140 characters by humans. The next frontier in journalism is an explosion in informed, opinionated analysis from multiple perspectives. We're seeing this in sports (Grantland, Deadspin, 538, Baseball Prospectus), politics (Vox.com/Ezra Klein, 538 again, Politico), and tech (Thompson, Evans, Gruber, The Wirecutter, Anandtech, MG/Dixon/Wilson/Suster/Andreessen/Horowitz/etc/yesIleftamillionpeopleout). Tech leads the way because those on the cutting edge are often interested in tech, and I believe it's a solid leading indicator of where all journalism is headed—a 'Cambrian explosion' of thoughtful, analytic, but not purely objective writing.
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