出版与作家生涯2014economist.com
图书的未来
The future of the book
导读
《经济学人》这篇长文讨论印刷书与电子书的未来：书从单向的信息通道变成能回传信息的双向媒介，教师、出版商乃至广告商都能看到读者怎么读。写作者值得一读，因为它提醒我们：媒介形态的变化不只是载体换了，还会改变读者与作者之间的权力关系和信任基础。
可以直接用的写作要点
- 01
书一旦能"回话"，读者的阅读速度、停留、标注都会被记录——写作时要意识到作品同时在与读者和平台对话。
- 02
同一个双向功能既可能服务读者（定制教学、推荐好书），也可能损害读者（精准广告、行为监控），构思互动型内容时要先想清楚它站在谁那一边。
- 03
不要盲目照搬纸质书的拟物化版式，呈现方式应按屏幕与阅读场景来设计，而不是复刻旧媒介的外观。
- 04
在谈论技术前景时，别只列好处，把"这项能力还能被谁用来做什么"一并写进去，论述才站得住。
HN 评论精选
双向媒介既能服务读者也能监控读者，讨论其前景时不能只讲好处。
整体是篇好文章，但我希望它多花些篇幅处理这一段引文的含义：印刷书是作者向读者单向输送信息的极佳工具，电子书却还能把信息送回来——老师能了解学生的进度和疑问，出版商能看到哪些书被一口气读完、哪些被慢慢品味。这些都对，但漏掉了一个重要面向：书从单向通道变成双向通道后，一本能回话给作者的书，回话方式既可能有利于读者，也可能不利于读者。也就是说，"老师能知道学生的进度""出版商能看到哪本书被快速读完"是好例子，但一本能告诉老师你读得多快的书，同样能告诉广告商你在哪些广告上多停留了一会儿。
smacktoward查看英文原文
Overall a very good piece, though I would have liked to see more time spent grappling with the implications of this part: > The printed book is an excellent means of channelling information from writer to reader; the e-book can send information back as well. Teachers will be able to learn of a pupil’s progress and questions; publishers will be able to see which books are gulped down, which sipped slowly. Already readers can see what other readers have thought worthy of note, and seek out like-minded people for further discussion of what they have read. The private joys of the book will remain; new public pleasures are there to be added. All of this is true, but it elides an important facet of this shift from books as one-way channels of communication to two-way, namely that a book that can talk back to its maker can do so in ways that work against the interests of its reader as well as those that work with them. In other words -- "teachers will be able to learn of a pupil’s progress and questions; publishers will be able to see which books are gulped down, which sipped slowly" are good examples of reader-positive things these new capabilities could enable. (The teacher can use what she knows of the pupil's reading patters to customize her curriculum for his needs; the publisher can use it to bring to market more books that readers would enjoy.) But a book that can tell your teacher how quickly you're reading it can also tell an advertiser which ads you linger over and which you skip; a book that can tell its publisher what type of literature you devour can also tell your government which subversive ideas you obsessively re-read. The technology itself is morally neutral, but without legal and social controls, we're as likely to see reader-negative uses of these capabilities emerge as we are reader-positive. (If anything, reader-negative approaches may have an advantage, just because the interests that they serve are richer and more powerful than reader-positive ones.) Whenever there's a case of a knife that cuts both ways, it's useful to spend time contemplating the implications of being sliced with each end of the blade. But this article completely skips over that stuff, which is disappointing in an otherwise solid essay.
电子阅读不必模仿纸质书的外观，呈现方式应服从设备与阅读场景。
传统的滚动式呈现方式看起来更合适。分页式呈现在小设备上还行，但"书本模式"里那种拟物化的做法显得过时又滑稽。
steven777400查看英文原文
The traditional scrolled presentation seems appropriate. Page-oriented presentations can work on smaller devices, but the skeuomorphic approach shown for the "book" mode just seems dated and silly.
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