出版与作家生涯2016slate.com
论文之恨：读文学博士的滋味（2013）
Thesis Hatement: Getting a literature Ph.D (2013)
导读
这篇 Slate 文章由一位文学博士撰写，讲述读文学博士如何把人变成"糟糕的写作者"：学术体制训练出术语化、防御性、绕弯子的论文腔，而就业市场又极度惨淡。对写作者而言，它值得一读，因为它迫使我们反思学院写作的坏习惯，以及"以论文为中心"的思维如何侵蚀清晰、诚实的表达。
可以直接用的写作要点
- 01
警惕学术训练带来的"论文腔"：堆砌术语、绕弯子、回避直接判断，会让文字失去力量。
- 02
清晰、简洁、诚实地陈述事实，是任何领域都稀缺且有价值的能力，值得作为写作的底线。
- 03
把写作当成必须持续产出"价值"的工作流水线，容易扼杀真正的思考与阅读乐趣。
- 04
论文训练的核心能力（论点组织、精确沟通）本身可迁移，关键是别让它固化成僵化的文体。
HN 评论精选
学术界过度生产博士、靠兼职廉价教学维持运转，还灌输"非教授即失败"的评价标准。
这篇讲的是人文学科博士，作者本人就是文学博士。英语博士一直是这类批评最响亮的声音，因为问题在那里最严重。正如作者指出的，英语和人文学科的本科毕业生其实很抢手，但学术界却执意过度生产教授，使这个职业变得难以为继。超过 75% 的人文学科课程由兼职教师和研究生讲授——而研究生不过是"受训中的兼职"。MLA 最近办了一场大型研讨会，结论基本是"没什么问题"，应继续培养教授（并享受他们廉价的教学），同时做做样子鼓励去传统学术界之外就业（博物馆？图书馆？说不清）。而学术界的潜规则是：不当教授就是失败。附注：我躲过了这一枪。
panglott查看英文原文
This is about humanities PhDs, written by a lit PhD. The English PhDs have long been the most vocal of this line of criticism, where the problem has been most extreme. English and humanities BAs are eminently hireable, as the author points out, but the academy has decided to so relentlessly overproduce professors as to make it untenable as a profession. 75%+ of humanities courses are taught by adjuncts and graduate students—and the graduate students are just adjuncts-in-training. The MLA recently had a big symposium about this, which concluded that there was basically nothing wrong, they should continue to train professors (and benefit from their underpaid teaching), and make more of a show to go on about jobs outside traditional academia (in museums? libraries? It's unclear). While the norms of the academy is that anyone who isn't a professor is a failure. Source: I dodged this bullet.
论文式思维与简洁沟通是可迁移的写作能力，诚实完整地呈现事实极其珍贵。
我有人文学科的高等学位，它在职业上对我帮助极大。以论文为中心的思维、简洁的沟通，以及我工作中那种艺术驱动力，总是让我与众不同，这都归功于我的训练。更具体地说，从高操守的记者身上我学到：完整而诚实地呈现事实，在商业世界里极其罕见且珍贵。我和同项目的伴侣能拿到令人羡慕的职位，很大程度上靠的就是这种训练。话虽如此，我读的是 UC Berkeley 的顶尖项目，压根没考虑当教授，并在背后努力补技术技能。若走终身教职这条路，我大概也会惨败。
tsunamifury查看英文原文
I have an advanced degree in the Humanities and it has served me extraordinarily well career-wise. The thesis-centered thinking, concise communication, and artistic drive in my work has always set me apart, and I owe that to my training. Even more specifically, learning from high-integrity journalists taught me that a complete and honest rendition of the facts is very rare and valuable in the business world. Both myself and my partner from the same program have coveted positions in no small part because of this training. That being said I went to a #1 program at UC Berkeley, did not even consider becoming a professor, and worked hard at technical skills in the background. I too would have failed miserably on the tenure track.
把阅读与思考商品化成"产出价值"的工作，会扼杀写作与思想的灵魂。
这是把本该是"快乐无所事事"的产物（对卡夫卡高谈阔论）变成一份该死的工作的必然结果——你得每月每周工作多少小时，产出足够的"价值"，好让大学能向人收钱来付你工资。也就是说，世界成了一个卡夫卡式的噩梦：一件再自然不过的事（读好书、对它们进行深刻而有价值的思考）被接进一台吸干灵魂的机器，把一切都化约为金钱价值。
astazangasta查看英文原文
This is the logical product of turning what should be the product of blissful idleness (pontificating about Kafka) into a fucking job, where you must work X hours a week Y weeks a month and churn out enough "value" that your university can charge people money to pay your salary. I.e., the world is a Kafka-esque nightmare where something perfectly straightforward and natural (reading good books, having deep, worthy thoughts about them) has been connected to a soul-sucking apparatus that reduces everything to monetary value.
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