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奥威尔与中国：《一九八四》的中文译介
Orwell and China: Nineteen Eighty-four in Chinese
导读
这篇文章考察《一九八四》在中国的翻译与出版史，并借奥威尔1947年的一段文字讨论作家对族群称呼的敏感。它值得写作者读，因为它示范了如何用版本、译名和史料细节支撑一个文化政治话题，也提醒我们注意语言中的礼貌与偏见。
可以直接用的写作要点
- 01
用具体史料（译本、出版时间、译名变化）支撑观点，比空泛议论更有说服力。
- 02
引用原文时给出上下文和年份，让读者自己判断，而不是替读者下结论。
- 03
注意称呼与用词中的隐性偏见：看似中性的词可能带着居高临下的态度。
- 04
写长文时围绕一个核心问题层层展开，避免变成材料堆砌。
HN 评论精选
长篇深入研究比机巧的营销文更有价值，并借奥威尔的话指出称呼中的无意识偏见。
我喜欢这类博客：围绕一个感兴趣的话题做长篇论述，而不是我见得更多的那些机灵讨巧的营销文章。作者显然是这一领域专心投入的研究者。说来奇怪也颇具讽刺意味，但这本书确实在中国反复出版、随处可得，甚至国营书店也有售。这或许说明，如果你对某样东西表现得满不在乎，人们反而不去注意它（“禁果综合征”）；或者说明，只要生活不断改善，多数人并不关心政治讽刺。文章引了奥威尔1947年一段话，显示他对族群、国族称呼的敏感：我们每个人都有这类感受。如果一个中国人希望被称为中国人而不是“Chinaman”，如果一个苏格兰人反对被叫作“Scotchman”，如果一个黑人要求大写N，按对方的要求去做不过是最基本的礼貌。这本字母书令人难过之处在于，作者显然无意侮辱“低等”种族，他只是没太意识到他们和我们一样是人。“土著”是衣不蔽体的滑稽黑人；“Chinaman”拖着辫子、坐舢板出行——这大约和说英国人戴高礼帽、坐双轮马车一样真实。这种不自觉的居高临下是在童年学到的，然后像这里一样传给下一代孩子。
creamyhorror查看英文原文
I find blogs like these rather impressive: long discursions on a topic of interest, as opposed to the snappy marketing pieces that I see much more often. Clearly the author is a dedicated researcher in his field. It's odd and ironic, but yes, the book has been repeatedly published in China and is widely available, even from a state-run bookstore. Perhaps this illustrates the point that, if you treat something like it ain't no thang, people don't notice and focus on it (the "forbidden fruit syndrome"). Or, alternatively, that most people don't care about political satire as long their lives are improving materially. A quote by Orwell from the article, showing his ethnic/national sensitivity in 1947: We all have these feelings in one form or another. If a Chinese wants to be called a Chinese and not a Chinaman, if a Scotsman objects to be called a Scotchman, or if a Negro demands his capital N, it is only the most ordinary politeness to do what is asked of one. The sad thing about this alphabet-book is that the writer obviously has no intention of insulting the “lower” races. He is merely not quite aware that they are human beings like ourselves. A “native” is a comic black man with very few clothes on; a “Chinaman” wears a pigtail and travels in a junk– which is about as true as saying that an Englishman wears a top hat and travels in a hansom cab. This unconsciously patronising attitude is learned in childhood and then, as here, passed onto a new generation of children. (The article explains that 'Negro' was a term of respect at the time.)
推荐一本相关著作，指出“中国版一九八四”正是该书讨论的主题。
稍微跑题，但值得一提：前NPR/BBC驻华记者林慕莲（Louisa Lim）最近出版了《The People's Republic of Amnesia: Tiananmen Revisited》，值得一读。这本书讲的是1989年至今中国政治生活的状况，“中国版一九八四”这个概念正是书中的话题。书中提到一个案例：地方政府强制公众周六、周日回去上班上学，以防人群聚集进行周末抗议。这挺有意思。
georgechen查看英文原文
Off-topic slightly, but it's worth mentioning Louisa Lim, former NPR / BBC's China correspondent had recently published the book The People's Republic of Amnesia: Tiananmen Revisited. It's worth a read. It covered the current state of political life in China from 1989 ~ now. The whole concept of "1984 in China" is very much a topic talked about in the book. In the book it mentioned there was a case where regional government authorities forced the public to go back to work and school on Sat. and Sunday as a way to prevent crowd to gather for a weekend protest. It's rather fascinating.
指出讽刺之处：讨论《一九八四》在中国的网站本身在中国无法访问。
讽刺的是，这个网站托管在wordpress.com的子域名下，因此在中国无法访问（我在这里打不开）。
jdjabgnnska查看英文原文
Ironically, this website is hosted as a wordpress.com subdomain, so it cannot be accessed in China (I can't open it here)
长文需要摘要降低阅读门槛；并追问译本是否真在中国印刷。
我希望每个链接都有自动摘要工具或主要话题关键词。我想知道有多少好文章刚打开就被关掉，仅仅因为字数太多。回到正题：他们真的在中国印刷这个译本吗？如果是，那就太讽刺了。
anovio查看英文原文
I wish there was an auto summation tool or keywords of major topics for every link. I wonder how many good articles are closed immediately after they're opened simply because of the word count. Back on topic, do they actually print copies of the translated version in China? It would be mighty ironic if that is the case.
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