讲故事与叙事2014pudo.org
如果记者拥有像程序员那样强大的故事写作工具会怎样？
What if journalists had story writing tools as powerful as those used by coders?
导读
这篇博客设想给记者配备像程序员那样强大的写作工具：在稿件中嵌入结构化元数据、追踪事实与来源，并用专门写作软件管理长篇内容。它值得写作者读，因为讨论的不只是技术，而是工具如何减少核查与组织成本、又怎样避免成为额外负担。
可以直接用的写作要点
- 01
把人物、机构、日期、地点和来源做成结构化标注，能直接支撑链接、地图和事实核查。
- 02
写作工具必须嵌入现有流程、几乎不增加操作步骤，否则再好的元数据设计也会因作者忙碌而荒废。
- 03
建立可复用的事实与引用库，按主题追踪哪些事实被反复使用、何时过期，能提升长期写作的准确性。
- 04
长篇写作可先用 Scrivener 一类工具组织材料与结构，再进入成稿。
HN 评论精选
结构化元数据能增强新闻稿件，但记者过忙，工具不嵌入流程就难以落地。
几年前我在一家都市日报做网络编辑时提出过类似方案：用类似 XML 的语法在新闻草稿里加入元数据，其中一部分可用于网络版，比如提到地点时链接到地图。线稿本来常有元数据，但通常只在文首。我设想的是语义网式标注，比如给人物、机构、日期、地点和来源加标识。我还想用元数据帮编辑删减线稿，用优先级标出核心段落和可删段落。但即使做了界面让记者编辑无需懂 XML 就能填，他们也不会填，因为已经太忙。
jawns查看英文原文
When I was working as a web editor at a metro daily paper a few years ago, I proposed something similar: an XML-like syntax that would allow for metadata to be included in drafts of news stories, some (but not all) of which could be made use of in online versions of the story (such as a link to a map when you're referencing a location). A lot of wire copy already includes metadata, but it's generally just in a header that accompanies the story. What I was envisioning was something more like what is being proposed for the semantic web: <name id="1394">John Smith</name> was elected president of the <organization id="2315">New Castle County Council</organization> on <date value="2014-12-10">Wednesday</date> at the <place lat="39.685881" long="-75.613047">county headquarters</place>.<source id="23" name="Mila Jones" title="New Castle County public relations officer"></source> I also wanted to use the metadata to help copy editors trim wire stories: <priority value="1">This amounts to de facto resegregation. <priority="4">(And we all know how we segregation worked out the first time.)</priority> If the school district still values integrated schools, it must act swiftly to correct this effect.</priority> It turns out, though, even when you create a UI that lets reporters and editors easily plug in this metadata without having to understand XML, they are not apt to fill it in, because they are just so overworked as it is. Plus, in order for this to work on a larger scale, you'd have to get an incredible amount of buy-in. You'd have to get reporters and editors to agree that it's worth their time. You'd have to build software to support it. You'd have to get all of the different media companies out there to agree on standards. It's just ... not what the media industry is (or should be) focused on right now. They've got bigger things to think about, like how to find a viable business model.
常青主题的事实高度复用，可用事实库自动追踪引用与过期状态。
我在做类似的东西，聚焦美国基础设施的强项与弱项追踪。由于齐夫定律，这类常青主题的文章几乎都使用同一套约一千个事实，且多来自每年甚至每十年才更新一次的政府或非政府报告。于是可以用 JavaScript 片段追踪哪些事实被哪些文档使用，事实变化时自动标记过期。
Alex3917查看英文原文
I've been messing around with something similar, specifically though focused on tracking strengths and weaknesses in US infrastructure: http://www.alexkrupp.com/Citevault.html It's actually a lot easier than you'd think, because thanks to Zipf's law pretty much every article in these evergreen topic areas is using the same set of 1,000 or so facts. And these facts mostly come from the same set of government or NGE reports, which are updated at most once a year, and often only once every ten years. The cool thing is that you can then use a javascript snippet to track which facts are being used in which documents, automatically mark facts as outdated when they change, etc.
专门写作软件能帮助长篇写作，开源插件化版本值得期待。
写博士论文时我用了 Scrivener，它是非常好的写作工具。一个开源、带良好插件系统的类似扩展版本可能很有用。
Hansi查看英文原文
When I wrote my disertation I used Scrivener: http://www.literatureandlatte.com/scrivener.php which is a wonderful tool for writing. An expanded open source application similar to that with a good plugin system might be very useful.
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