讲故事与叙事2015anecdote.com
如何用讲故事技巧识破谎言
How to detect lies with a storytelling technique
导读
这篇介绍用讲故事的方式识破谎言：让人复述事件，再观察其叙事顺序和细节组织。对写作者来说，它提醒我们真实记忆常是非线性的，而编造或背诵的故事往往更整齐、更按时间线展开，可用于人物对话、采访和叙事可信度的设计。
可以直接用的写作要点
- 01
让人物复述事件时，真实记忆常从高潮或最刺痛的细节切入，再前后跳转；编造或背诵的故事更爱按时间顺序平铺。
- 02
想写“可疑的流畅”，可让人物把经历讲得过于完整顺滑，缺少突然想起、补充和跳回的具体记忆。
- 03
采访或追问要锁定具体事件；问题太泛，得到的往往只是对方准备好的安全版本。
- 04
真实叙述中的“无关细节”（如保险过期、前一晚整理账单）能增强可信度，但要服务于人物状态，不要堆砌。
HN 评论精选
说谎者按时间线复述，真实记忆常从高潮切入并跳跃。
我读过一本相关书，这似乎印证了大部分内容。最有趣且简单的方法之一，是人们复述故事的顺序。例子是经常迟到的员工：问他某天为何迟到，撒谎者会线性讲——起床、吃早餐、上车、开车、正常行驶，然后有人撞我车，我下车交换保险信息……说真话的人会跳来跳去，通常从高潮开始：“上班路上有人撞了我车。然后我发现保险过期了。我前一晚刚在整理账单……”这很容易解释：撒谎者要么边编边讲，要么在重复排练过的谎言；说真话的人能轻松跳转，因为他在回忆一段段真实记忆。
mankyd查看英文原文
Read a book on this and this seems to corroborate much of what I read. One of the most interesting and simple techniques discussed was the order in which people recounted their stories. The example given is an employee who is consistently late for work. If you ask them to recount why they are late one day, a liar will tell you the story linearly: "I woke up, ate breakfast, hopped in the car, was on my way, minding my own business, then someone hit my car. I got out to trade insurance ... [etc]". A truth teller jumps around, usually starting with the climax "Someone hit my car on the way in. I then realized my insurance was expired. I had just been going through my bills the previous night ...". This is easily ascribed to the fact that the liar is either making the story up as they go or are repeating a rehearsed lie. A truthful person can jump around easily because they are recounting distinct memories.
问题表述含糊会让回答偏离重点，提问需明确指向具体过程。
在机场安检登机前，我被问到“你怎么到这里的”。我以为问交通方式，答坐飞机；对方追问“你今天早上做了什么才到这里”，我才说起床、收拾、坐火车、换机场巴士。他停顿后问了几个无关问题就放行。这说明提问措辞含糊，会得到偏离重点的答案。
throw7查看英文原文
Well, at an airport security check I got interviewed before boarding and the guy asked me how I got here. I thought it was a weird question to ask and I answered I got here by airplane (I was in a foreign country visiting). He was totally non-plussed by the answer and said, "No, how did you get _here_?"... I was actually confused by the way he said it and he added, "What did you do this morning to get _HERE_?". I said I got up, packed, got on the train, transferred to the airport bus, and got here. He just paused and moved on to a few innocuous questions. It was kind of comical. I was waiting to be led to some back room for further interrogation, but in the end he just said 'enjoy your trip". :)
技巧有效但有前提：必须知道该围绕哪个具体事件追问，否则编造者只需微调真实细节。
首先，按我的经验，这个技巧完全成立。但它不是万能测谎器，因为你要知道让对方讲什么故事。以美国国家安全岗位审查为例，你要过测谎仪，回答大量问题。假设我在姓名上撒谎，你会让我讲关于名字的故事吗？如果你改问童年，而我若在童年经历上撒谎，我会把故事编得尽量贴近真实生活，只改必要细节。比如夏天和父母在公园玩的故事，在北美或欧洲并不会有多大变化。底线：这个方法有用，但前提是你知道对方可能在什么事上撒谎。想查配偶是否杀了另一半？可以，围绕不在场证明问故事。想查詹姆斯·邦德会不会出卖国家机密？你该问什么故事？
alexggordon查看英文原文
First off, I think this technique is completely true, in my own experience. However, I think this isn't the end-all lie detector, in that you have to know what to have the subject tell a story about. Take the issue of national security (in the USA). To get a national security job, you'll have to go through a lie detector test[0], where they'll ask you a ton of questions. Say I'm lying about my name. Do you ask a story about my name? Say you ask about my childhood instead. If I was lying about my childhood, I'd tell stories that were as closely aligned with real life as possible, and change as few details as I needed to. A story about playing in the park in the summer with my parents doesn't change a whole lot if it's in North America or Europe. Bottom line is, I think this method works, with the caveat that you have to know the event or thing that they would be lying about. Trying to find out if a spouse killed their significant other? Check, you can ask the stories around their alibi. Trying to figure out if James Bond is going to sell national secrets? What story are you going to ask about? [0] http://federalnewsradio.com/federal-drive/2012/12/what-federal-applicants-should-know-about-polygraph-tests/
同类还值得读
Pixar in a Box：可汗学院的皮克斯讲故事课
Pixar in a Box – Khan Academy
这篇是 Khan Academy 与 Pixar 合作的“Pixar in a Box”项目介绍，用计算机图形和动画制作来讲解数学概念。
讲故事与叙事2015 · 753 分 · 65 评4 条写作要点编辑精选皮克斯的讲故事法则
Pixar's Rules of Storytelling (2013)
这是皮克斯动画工作室流传甚广的 22 条讲故事法则清单，从“从前有个___，每天___，有一天___”的骨架，到如何重写自己讨厌的作品。
讲故事与叙事2018 · 513 分 · 74 评4 条写作要点编辑精选皮克斯通过可汗学院提供免费在线讲故事课程
Pixar offers free online lessons in storytelling via Khan Academy
这篇报道介绍皮克斯与可汗学院合作的免费在线课程《讲故事的艺术》，把皮克斯内部的故事创作方法公开给普通学习者。
讲故事与叙事2017 · 503 分 · 93 评4 条写作要点编辑精选用皮克斯的故事公式说服投资人
Use Pixar's story formula to win over investors
这篇文章借用皮克斯的故事公式（以《海底总动员》为例）来示范如何给投资人讲创业路演故事：先讲目标、再讲障碍、最后讲改变。
讲故事与叙事2021 · 439 分 · 188 评4 条写作要点编辑精选贝索斯如何把叙事变成亚马逊的竞争优势
Jeff Bezos Turned Narrative into Amazon's Competitive Advantage
这篇讲杰夫·贝索斯如何把“六页叙事备忘录”变成亚马逊的管理与竞争优势：用可独立阅读的叙述性文档替代口头汇报和 PowerPoint。
讲故事与叙事2019 · 435 分 · 181 评4 条写作要点编辑精选