出版与作家生涯2015nytimes.com
版权操作让《安妮日记》多了一位“合著者”
Anne Frank’s Diary Gains ‘Co-Author’ in Copyright Move
导读
这篇报道讲安妮·弗兰克日记在版权即将到期时被追加“合著者”，从而把欧洲版权延长到2050年。对写作者而言，它提醒我们：作品一旦成为公共记忆，版权、家族遗产与文本版本会深刻影响后人如何阅读、引用和传播它。
可以直接用的写作要点
- 01
保留原始稿的粗粝细节（涂改、墨迹、未删节）往往比过度修饰的版本更有力量，写作时可先保留一手材料的真实质感。
- 02
涉及多人协作或编辑加工时，要明确署名与权利边界，避免“编辑、排版者变成合著者”式的事后争议。
- 03
如果作品可能进入公共传播，提前考虑授权与继承安排；否则后人可能因版权无法完整引用或出版。
- 04
为公众而写的演讲、日记等文本，应尽量让原始全文可被访问，别让遗产管理切断读者与文本。
HN 评论精选
把编辑加工也纳入“合著”会开坏先例，让公有领域被进一步蚕食。
弗兰克先生当然对他自己创作的部分享有权利，但安妮写的内容应已进入公有领域。据我所知，多人成果的作品不必被当作不可分割的整体。做个思想实验：除了非法侵入，还有什么法律能阻止某人拿到原件并逐字出版？这不算版权侵权，也难说是盗窃；对进入并拍摄已过版权作品的行为，刑事责任理应很轻，最多只能按侵权（trespass）起诉。若此例成立，编辑、排版者等都可能对已过版权书籍主张“合著”，进一步侵蚀公有领域。
pbhjpbhj查看英文原文
>"The move has a practical effect: It extends the copyright from Jan. 1, when it is set to expire in most of Europe, to the end of 2050. Copyrights in Europe generally end 70 years after an author’s death. Anne Frank died 70 years ago at Bergen-Belsen, a concentration camp, and Otto Frank died in 1980. Extending the copyright would block others from being able to publish the book without paying royalties or receiving permission." (from nytimes article in OP) // Mr Frank of course has rights over the work he produced, but anything that Anne wrote will be out of copyright. Works representing the output of multiple persons needn't be treated atomically AFAIA. As a thought experiment: Something I find curious is what law - other than trespass - would prevent someone from getting hold of the original work and publishing it verbatim, it wouldn't be a copyright infringement; I'm not sure it can truly be considered to theft. The criminal liability for entering and taking photos of a work that is out of copyright should rightly be very minor, the tort of trespass seems to be all that could be sued for. If this stands the precedent set will surely see editors, typesetters and others claiming co-authorship of works such as out-of-copyright books and causing a further malevolent erosion of the public domain.
未经删改的原始日记比加工版更有力量，也更能反制商业化的遗产操作。
看到她的遗产被这样玷污，而且似乎纯粹出于商业原因，令人恶心。“这不是为了钱”……当然，那到底是为了什么？最有效的反制是出版真正的日记，未经编辑，连墨迹都保留，不再润色或改动。我也认为那会比经过解释的版本更有力量。
jacquesm查看英文原文
Sickening to see her legacy soiled like this for what seem to be purely commercial reasons. "This is not about the money"... sure, what is it about then? The most effective countermeasure would be to publish the actual diary, un-edited, ink stains and all without any further polishing or changing. I also think that would be a much more powerful document than the interpreted one.
版权被后代继承会让公开演讲等作品难以完整传播，写作者应警惕遗产管理对作品公共性的伤害。
求你们：别让任何人继承你的版权。逝者后代赤裸裸牟利的事一再发生。想想马丁·路德·金：“我有一个梦想”演讲无法在教科书中完整印刷，因为他的遗产方收费10美元才能阅读。那篇演讲本是为公开表演而写。
TazeTSchnitzel查看英文原文
I beg of you: do not allow anyone to inherit your copyrights. This naked profiteering by the descendants of the deceased has happened time and time again. Consider the case of Martin Luther King, Jr., whose 'I Have A Dream' speech cannot be printed in full in textbooks, because his estate charges $10 to read it. A speech that was written to be performed publicly.
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