小说与文学2016lithub.com
现代中国太疯狂，以至于需要一种新的文学体裁
Modern China Is So Crazy It Needs a New Literary Genre
导读
这篇文章讨论当代中国现实的荒诞感是否需要一种新的文学体裁——“超不现实主义”，并借具体案例说明现实如何超出既有叙事框架。HN 评论围绕这些案例是否真的独特、生造概念是否可信、写作是否以噱头代替内容展开争论。对写作者来说，它值得读的地方在于：如何给新现象命名、如何用案例支撑判断，以及如何避免把普遍问题包装成奇观。
可以直接用的写作要点
- 01
给新现象命名时，要用足够独特且可验证的案例说明它为何需要新体裁，而不是把多国共有的社会问题包装成“超现实”。
- 02
类比可以降低抽象概念的门槛，但要交代类比边界；否则复杂现实容易被压缩成单一心理模型。
- 03
不要用新奇术语或指标代替内容；术语需经母语和语境检验，否则会削弱整篇文章的可信度。
- 04
呈现社会现实时兼顾不同侧面，避免只堆负面案例；批评应指向具体机制，而不是整体否定。
HN 评论精选
用“孩子发现父母只是凡人”的类比解释“疯狂”，并指出新体裁是对基本真理崩塌的反应。
我认为这里的“疯狂”是孩子意识到父母只是普通人、并非不会犯错的完美保护者时那种世界观崩塌的翻版。一个人对世界的看法因此根本改变，因为一条基本真理不再成立。这种变化可被视为“疯狂”，现实在新世界观中变得更混乱。我相信现代中国正在发生同样的事：只需把孩子和父母换成公民和统治集团。当公民意识到统治阶级宣扬的绝对正确的集体思维宣传，其实是由同样受人性局限的人宣扬的，他们也会经历世界观的转变。这种转变同样是“疯狂”的、更混乱的：他们世界观中的一条基本真理不再成立。中国曾倾向于以儒家建立有序社会，儒家社会没有混乱的空间；而较少被推崇的《道德经》试图完美捕捉现实的混乱、矛盾和虚伪。作者反复鼓吹的“超不现实主义”在我看来，是对“先前基本的真理不再成立”这种心智扩展变化的反应。
cjslep查看英文原文
I think the "crazy" aspect coming into play is an iteration of the world-shattering view that occurs when a child realizes his or her parents are just people, not infallible perfect protectors. This fundamentally changes the view of the world for a person because a fundamental truth is no longer true. This change can be viewed as "crazy" and reality becomes more chaotic in the new world view. I believe the same thing is happening right now in modern China. Simply substitute constituents and the oligarchy instead for the child and parent. When the citizens realize the infallible groupthink propaganda touted by the ruling class is in fact being touted by people inflicted with the human condition, they also experience a change in world view. Again, this change is "crazy" and more chaotic: A fundamental truth in their world view is no longer true. Remember, China favored building a society on Confucianism where society had a set order. There is no room for the chaos in a Confucian society. However, the less-promoted Dao De Jing was written in an attempt to perfectly capture the chaos, contradictions, and hypocrisies of reality. And in a way, applying its teachings to itself indicates it both succeeds and fails in doing so. The "ultra-unrealism" that the author keeps espousing seems to me a reaction for coming to grips to the mind-expanding change that comes when realizing a truth previously fundamental is no longer true. I am not trying to dismiss their feelings but am appreciating the personal growth. I hope others do too.
质疑作者把多国常见现象说成中国独有的“不真实”，案例缺乏独特性和说服力。
那么，一些腐败官员、一个一夫多妻者、一名在外国领事馆寻求庇护的通缉官员，以及餐馆过度重复使用食用油，就是“不真实”的例子？作者到底在哪儿长大的？养尊处优的上层生活，还是迪士尼乐园？而且这些例子发生在一个十多亿人的国家？你在非洲、亚洲、南美都能找到所有这些例子。很多在西方也不罕见，只是更“白领”的版本。餐馆重复使用食用油？每年大量餐馆正因为这个和更糟的卫生问题被关停。或者像大众汽车伪造排放数据，大规模影响环境。腐败政客？我们有总统、总理、参议员和议员公开退休后加入他们政治生涯中帮助过的公司的董事会。墨西哥黑帮绑架140多名学生、一起处决，对这个国家来说也是家常便饭。这些就是“不真实”的例子？
coldtea查看英文原文
So, some corrupt officials, a polygamist, a wanted official seeking asylum in a foreign consulate, and restaurants reusing cooking oil too much is an example of "unreality"? Where exactly did the author grew up in? Cushioned upper class life, or Disneyland? And those examples in a country with over a billion people? You can find all those examples in Africa, Asia, South America, etc. A lot of those are hardly uncommon in the West either, just in more "white collar" versions. Restaurants re-using cooking-oil? Tons of restaurant are closed every year for just that and worse hygienic offenses. Or we have some company like VW falsifying emissions data (and lately, it comes out that several other companies did), impacting the environment in a huge scale. Corrupt politicians? We have Presidents and PMs, senators and MPs openly retiring and joining the boards of companies they helped during their political career. Heck, in Mexico the mob abducted 140+ students, executed them all together, and for the country it was business as usual for the country. And those are examples or unreality? LOL.
批评作者生造概念、急于在全球语境宣称中国独特性，观察流于表面。
我只粗略浏览了文章，因为在另一种语言里读到熟悉的中国语境让我感到不适。我觉得这个人和许多其他中国人一样，想在全球舞台上提出主张，却几乎不了解那个舞台的现实可能是什么。他们常常为中国生造一个概念，宣称其独特性和某种先进性。当人们看到的只是原始观察，尤其是自以为知道自己在观察什么时，很容易做出这种主张。
LiweiZ查看英文原文
I only skimmed the article since reading familiar @#$% in Chinese context in another language made me feel sick. I think this guy is just like many other Chinese that want to make a claim on a global stage with little awareness of what the reality on that stage might be. They often coin a concept for China and claim its uniqueness and somewhat advancement. People are easy to make that kind of claim when all they can see are just raw observations, especially when they think they know what they observed.
术语疑似生造、不地道，写作以噱头代替内容，且负面案例呈现失衡。
抱歉，但我真的不认为“chaohuan”是一个中文词。我不喜欢作者的写作风格：用指标/手段而不是内容来吸引读者兴趣。我也同意文章中的一些事实，但它过度强调坏的一面而忽视好的一面。我同意“祸兮福之所倚”，但我不认为我们应该因为害怕灾祸而停止进步。还有一句中国谚语“矫枉必须过正”，虽说讲的是过正，但我认为它讲的是做正确之事的全部代价。坏的一面能被公众看到，是因为中国政府正在做些什么来处理坏事。
dreamszl查看英文原文
Sorry but I really don't think "chaohuan" is a Chinese word. I don't like the author's writing style, use measures instead of the content to gain readers interest. Also I agree with some fact in the article, but it overemphasizes the bad side and neglect the good side. I agree the "Good fortune is that wherein disaster lurks", but I don't think we should stop progressing because of the afraid of the disters. There is also another Chinese saying "Righting a wrong must first Overcorrect", although it's saying overcorrect but I think it's saying all the cost of doing right. And the bad side can be seen by the public is because the Chinese government is doing something to deal with the bad things.
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