讲故事与叙事2018thewholestory.solutionsjournalism.org编辑精选
让叙事复杂化
Complicating the Narratives
导读
本文探讨如何通过复杂化叙事避免二元对立，记者Amanda Ripley提出故意加入不拟合细节、用人类学笔记风格等方法。对写作者而言，这能帮助跳出极化框架，写出更有深度和对话性的内容。评论中既有具体提问技巧，也有对预设自己理性的批评，值得写作者参考。
可以直接用的写作要点
- 01
故意寻找并包含不拟合二元叙事的细节，让故事更复杂真实。
- 02
采用人类学田野笔记式写法，聚焦议题复杂性而非简单站队。
- 03
用开放性问题（如“这个议题被过度简化了什么？”）引导读者深入思考。
- 04
避免预设自己是理性一方而对方被恐惧驱动，否则难以真正理解和说服。
HN 评论精选
新闻标题常引导结论而非简单事实，写作者应警惕这种倾向。
原文说新闻业自认客观寻求真相，因此近年加倍做同样的新闻，继续收集事实和引语，仿佛世界是线性的。但看看谷歌新闻头条，多数是简单事实还是引导结论甚至标题党？
arwhatever查看英文原文
"Journalism has yet to undergo this awakening. We like to think of ourselves as objective seekers of truth. Which is why most of us have simply doubled down in recent years, continuing to do more of the same kind of journalism, despite mounting evidence that we are not having the impact we once had. We continue to collect facts and capture quotes as if we are operating in a linear world." Take a look at the, say, top dozen headlines on Google News and tell me you really think this passage above is the least bit accurate. Are the majority of those "headlines" starting simple facts about things that have occurred, or are they trying to convince you to reach their own conclusions about the facts at best, or at worst just link-baiting you with outrage?
愤怒和极化内容易病毒传播，写作者应避免放大冲突。
随着政客极化，我们越来越被两边的煽动者利用，放大侮辱而非揭露动机，一次次升级冲突、扼杀复杂性。为什么？因为能产生浏览量，愤怒最容易病毒传播。某些政客鼓励这种行为以巩固忠实基本盘，在政治光谱两端更常见。
stcredzero查看英文原文
As politicians have become more polarized, we have increasingly allowed ourselves to be used by demagogues on both sides of the aisle, amplifying their insults instead of exposing their motivations. Again and again, we have escalated the conflict and snuffed the complexity out of the conversation. Why? Because it generates views. Because outrage is the easiest way to make something go viral. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rE3j_RHkqJc Politicians of a certain bent encourage this behavior as well, because it's the perfect way of cementing a highly loyal "base." This happens more at the farther ends of the political spectrum, both on the left and on the right. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=deg1wmYjwtk
实验证明复杂化叙事能促进对话，并提供一系列开放性问题。
笔记：Amanda Ripley说“复杂性有传染性”，“复杂化叙事意味着故意寻找并包含不拟合二元叙事的细节”。实验：读二元新闻后参与者争论并负面；读人类学笔记后更 nuanced、更愿继续对话。研究者Peter T. Coleman。案例研究提出通用问题，如“什么分裂我们？”“这个议题被过度简化了什么？”“冲突如何影响你生活？”“你认为对方想要什么？”“没人问的问题是什么？”等。
mcprwklzpq查看英文原文
I took this notes. Journalist Amanda Ripley says that "Complexity is contagious" and that "Complicating the narrative means finding and including the details that don’t fit the [binary] narrative — on purpose." So in some study participants talk about polarizing issue. Before talking they read one article about it. If article is similar to news article with 2 sides to the story, participants take sides, argue and leave with negative impression that conversation is meaningless. If article is similar to anthropologist’s field notes, with emphasis on complexity of the issue and without binary division, then participants “don’t solve the debate” but "do have a more nuanced understanding and more willingness to continue the conversation" researcher and social psychologist Peter T. Coleman says. Then in a long case study of some american talk show some specialists propose general questions to bring more nuance to conversations. What divides us? What is oversimplified about this issue? How has this conflict affected your life? What do you think the other side wants? What’s the question nobody is asking? What do you and your supporters need to learn about the other side in order to understand them better? What do you think the other community thinks of you? What do you think of the other community? What do you want the other community to know about you? What do you want to know about the other community?
写作时避免预设自己理性对方非理性，打断叙事能引发思考。
作者不幸自我拆台：开篇说“我高估了自己和他人的理性，低估了骄傲、恐惧和归属需求”。如果你预设自己理性只需安抚对方恐惧，就教不了也学不到东西。但我喜欢打断叙事的方法，它反媒体常规，让人停下来思考，至少认识到议题更复杂。
jeffdavis查看英文原文
The author unfortunately undermines his own article by starting out with: "I have overvalued reasoning in myself and others and undervalued pride, fear and the need to belong." If you start out with the idea that you are the reasonable one and all you need to do is soothe the fears of your opponents, you aren't going to teach (or learn) anything. But I like the general approach of interrupting narratives. It's the opposite of what the media does, and it makes people stop and think, or at least recognize there is greater complexity to an issue.
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