出版与作家生涯2020npr.org
作家与出版商谴责“国家应急图书馆”为盗版
Authors, Publishers Condemn the 'National Emergency Library' as 'Piracy'
导读
NPR 报道称，互联网档案馆在疫情期间推出“国家紧急图书馆”，取消电子书一人一借限制，向公众开放大量受版权保护的图书，作家协会与出版商因此指责其“盗版”。对写作者而言，这篇报道的价值在于观察一场关于版权、作者收入与公共利益的三方争论，并学习各方如何组织论据、如何用事实和数字为立场服务。
可以直接用的写作要点
- 01
引用具体数字比泛泛诉苦有力：作者协会用“危机前写作收入年均仅 20,300 美元”把抽象的“作者不易”变成可感知的困境。
- 02
主张公共利益时先摆可核查的事实与时间线（如 3 月 17 日美国图书馆协会建议全国闭馆、史上首次全国印刷馆藏不可得），再给结论，说服力远胜口号。
- 03
用对照揭示立场矛盾：把出版业对购买电子版的图书馆的做法与它对互联网档案馆的指控并置，反讽自然浮现，无需作者出面定性。
- 04
写争议话题时先承认对方合理之处（如承认互联网档案馆其他项目确有公共价值），再指出风险，能让批评显得克制可信。
HN 评论精选
公益动机不能替代法律边界，激进的越界举动可能反噬机构的其他项目。
我担心互联网档案馆是在玩火。它还做了其他几件事，明显有公益价值，但从版权法角度看极为可疑：一是平时的电子书馆藏，虽然限制“一人一借”（这次暂时取消的正是这个限制），但即便有该限制，从法律上“也像是很牵强”；二是老软件和游戏的在线模拟器，版权持续约一个世纪，除非作者明确放弃，否则都仍在保护期内，其中有些是孤儿作品，这在欧盟法律下或许有区别，在美国法律下则没有，还有些连孤儿作品都算不上。如果有人就“国家紧急图书馆”起诉互联网档案馆，很可能拿到“未经版权人许可出借电子书即违法、无论有无限制”的判决，实际上迫使其彻底关闭图书馆。模拟器大概不会因这场图书馆诉讼直接受牵连，因为争点和版权人不同，我不太担心；但我担心诉讼会引来对互联网档案馆整体的审视与批评，进而可能有人就模拟器起诉它。
comex查看英文原文
I worry that the Internet Archive is playing with fire. There are other things it's doing that are clearly a public good, yet extremely dubious from a copyright law perspective: - Their e-book library during normal times, with the one-borrower-at-a-time restriction (the one whose temporary removal is at issue here). Even with that restriction, "it seems like a stretch" from a legal perspective. [1] - Their online emulators for old computer software and games. Copyright lasts for around a century, so those are all still copyrighted unless explicitly released by their authors. Some of them are orphan works, which might make a difference under EU law [2], but not under US law, and some of them aren't even that. If someone sues the Internet Archive over the National Emergency Library, there's a good chance they could get a ruling that lending e-books without permission from the copyright holder is illegal regardless of restrictions, effectively forcing them to shut down the library completely. The emulators probably wouldn't be directly affected by a lawsuit over the library, since there are different issues and different copyright holders involved, so I'm less concerned about them. Still, I fear that a lawsuit could lead to increased scrutiny and criticism of the Internet Archive in general, which could possibly lead to someone else suing over the emulators. [1] https://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/2020/03/internet-archive-offers-thousands-of-copyrighted-books-for-free-online/ [2] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orphan_Works_Directive
图书馆是作者曝光与读者来源，出版业对图书馆的既有态度让“盗版”指控显得虚伪。
要不是有图书馆，那些出版商和作者的曝光度和读者量会低得多。而且正如互联网档案馆在今天发布的回应中所指出的：“3 月 17 日，美国图书馆协会执行委员会采取了非常措施，建议全国图书馆闭馆……这样一来，历史上第一次，全国图书馆所藏的纸质文献整体变得无法获取……”考虑到出版业一直如何对待购买电子版的图书馆，把互联网档案馆的举动称为“愤世嫉俗的把戏”实在讽刺。也许那些最负担得起的出版商可以在这段时间把付给作者的钱翻一倍。所谓的“大衰退”已经杀死了我所在地区我常逛的大多数二手书店；如果这次事件杀死了商业书店，我不会掉一滴泪。
8bitsrule查看英文原文
If it weren't for libraries, those publishers and authors would have a lot lower visibility and readership. And, as Internet Archive points out in its rebuttal, published today [0], "On March 17, the American Library Association Executive Board took the extraordinary step to recommend that the nation’s libraries close.... In doing so, for the first time in history, the entirety of the nation’s print collection housed in libraries is now unavailable...." Considering how the publishing industry has treated libraries that buy e-copies, labelling IA's action "a cynical play" is ironic. Maybe those publishers which can most afford it can double their payments to authors during this time. The so-called 'Great Recession' managed to kill off most of the used bookstores I shopped in where I live. If this event killed off commercial bookstores, I'd shed no tears. [0] https://blog.archive.org/2020/03/30/internet-archive-responds-why-we-released-the-national-emergency-library/
作家协会替出版商站台却不谈提高作者分成，暴露出其立场问题。
“危机之前，写作收入平均每年只有 20,300 美元，作家和其他人一样，如今更加艰难：书展取消、自由撰稿工作和补贴收入的工作没了、演讲活动也没了。”这是为作家提供法律援助的职业团体作家协会周五声明中的话。也许作家协会该多花点时间推动出版商提高付给作者的报酬，而不是站在出版商一边。
mcguire查看英文原文
""With mean writing incomes of only $20,300 a year prior to the crisis, authors, like others, are now struggling all the more — from cancelled book tours and loss of freelance work, income supplementing jobs, and speaking engagements," the Authors Guild, a professional group that provides legal assistance to writers, said in a statement released Friday." Maybe if the Authors Guild spent more time pushing publishers to raise their rates rather than backing publishers....
同类还值得读
写书：值得吗？
Writing a book: is it worth it?
Martin Kleppmann（《设计数据密集型应用》作者）复盘写书到底值不值：金钱回报低、耗时极长，但带来了可见度、信任和职业机会。
出版与作家生涯2020 · 642 分 · 287 评4 条写作要点编辑精选写书并不是个好主意
Writing books is not really a good idea
这篇文章讨论靠写书谋生的现实难度，评论区从版税数学、收入预期和写作目标三个角度补充了作者视角。
出版与作家生涯2021 · 577 分 · 609 评4 条写作要点编辑精选如何自助出版一本书：实用资源清单
How to self-publish a book: A handy list of resources
这是一份关于「如何自助出版一本书」的资源清单帖，涵盖从编辑、排版到 ISBN、销售渠道的实操工具与花费。
出版与作家生涯2018 · 558 分 · 88 评4 条写作要点编辑精选我自助出版一本Ruby on Rails书，赚了7万美元
How I Made $70k Self-Publishing a Book about Ruby on Rails
这是一篇 Ruby 开发者自述：他把一套 Rails 性能课程（书＋视频＋答疑）自出版，一年毛收入约 7 万美元，并总结了选题、定价、营销等经验。
出版与作家生涯2017 · 539 分 · 175 评4 条写作要点编辑精选石黑一雄警告年轻作家因“恐惧”而自我审查
Sir Kazuo Ishiguro warns of young authors self-censoring out of 'fear'
石黑一雄提醒年轻作者因“恐惧”而自我审查，即这条帖子讨论的核心。
出版与作家生涯2021 · 396 分 · 641 评5 条写作要点编辑精选