讲故事与叙事2021khanacademy.org编辑精选
皮克斯讲故事的艺术：Pixar in a Box
Pixar in a Box: the art of storytelling
导读
这是可汗学院与皮克斯合作的免费 storytelling 课程页面，系统讲解如何构建角色与故事。对写作者的价值在于：它把"讲故事"拆成可教、可练的工序，而不是靠灵光一现；评论区还提供了一个极简的故事骨架模板，可立刻套用。
可以直接用的写作要点
- 01
好故事几乎不是初稿就成型的，把早期草稿当作起点而非成品，从不同角度反复重写。
- 02
用"从前有___／每天___／有一天___／因为这样___／因为这样___／直到最后___"的骨架快速搭出故事主干。
- 03
别指望靠视效、快节奏和音效制造惊喜，真正的意外感应来自情节与人物关系本身。
- 04
警惕反复使用的亲子冲突—误解—和解套路，检查自己的故事是否只是旧模板换皮。
- 05
如果想深入，读几本经典的故事写作书往往比看入门视频更有效。
HN 评论精选
好故事靠反复迭代打磨，草稿只是起点。
人们对皮克斯最大的误解，是没意识到他们的故事经过了多少次迭代——他们很习惯拿一个想法反复从不同角度打磨直到变好，而且这个流程是可以教的。这跟很多人想象中的讲故事相反：几乎不存在某个创作者一稿就写出完美故事的情况。讲故事需要创造力，但不是魔法。很多电影恰恰缺少这个流程：《星球大战》前传就是卢卡斯在压力下写出的草稿，没人敢挑战他，于是早期草稿直接变成了成片。那些草稿本该是起点，而不是终点。
superbcarrot查看英文原文
What people don't realise about Pixar is how much iteration goes into their stories - they're very comfortable with taking some idea and working on it from different angles until it's good. And there's a process there that can be taught. I think that's contrary to the way some people imagine storytelling - it's almost never the case that some creative person has a brilliant story come out perfect in the first draft. Storytelling requires creativity but it isn't magic. You can also see the lack of this process in so so many films - George Lucas famously drafted out the Star Wars prequels under pressure, no one had the nerve to challenge him and they just ran with the his early drafts every time. Those drafts should have been a starting point, not the end product. And you can say this for many films that come out - there are good ideas somewhere in them, they just had to work on the story a bit more and that's often at odds with studio pressures, release date deadlines etc. This course looks lovely. It's great for KA to have this kind of material and not just calculus tutorials (as much as I personally appreciated the calculus).
一个六句式故事骨架模板，可直接套用。
如果你没时间上完整课程，这里有一个我一直很受用的皮克斯模板：从前有___。每天___。有一天___。因为这样，___。因为这样，___。直到最后___。
tomthe查看英文原文
If you don't have time for the full course, here is a hn-comment [0] that I really, really appreciated and helped me when telling stories to my kids: >Yes. Pixar has a template: >Once upon a time there was ___. >Every day, ___. >One day ___. >Because of that, ___. >Because of that, ___. >Until finally ___. [0]: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=20408283 edit: it may have been another comment from here: https://hn.algolia.com/?dateRange=all&page=0&prefix=true&query=%22because%20of%20that%22%20%22once%20upon&sort=byPopularity&type=comment
惊喜应来自故事与人物关系，而非视效和套路。
这里的"艺术"大概指的是"技术"。现代大制作太标准化了，常让人觉得每部电影都一个样。我主要的抱怨是：现在的"意外"只靠视觉效果、快节奏和巨响的音效堆出来，不再来自故事本身；人物关系也千篇一律，比如父母与子女冲突——父母理性但错、孩子冲动但对，最后互相和解、承认彼此各有道理。《心灵奇旅》稍微玩了一下这个模式，但很难说是创新。
jerome-jh查看英文原文
I suppose "art" is meant as "technique" here. Modern large productions are so standardized today it is not an uncommon feeling one is watching the same movie ever end ever. I think the last Pixar movie that was worth is "Up" (OK I have not seen them all). My main grief is that surprise is only obtained with a combination of visual effects, fast rhythm and loud sounds, and no more with the story. Relationships between characters is déjà-vu, so many times a conflicting parent/children relationship, where the parent is reflective but wrong and the child impulsive but right and they end up reconciling and admitting they were both partly right in the end. In "Soul" they play a bit with this pattern although I would hardly call this creativity. And finally many animation movies are also shameless green washing (here thinking of Wolfwalkers). Remember the critical tone of Wall-E?
课程偏浅，想深入应读经典写作书。
这个系列的每个视频我都看了，说实话有点失望。有几集不错，但大部分非常浅，你得不到关于好角色、好故事的深入洞见。建议去读几本讲故事的经典书，如果你是程序员，剩下的自然水到渠成。
wrongdonf查看英文原文
I have watched every single video in this series. To be honest, it was a disappointment. There are a few cool videos, but most of it is very surface level. You won’t get any deep or thorough insights into what makes good characters, stories etc. I would suggest you pick up some books on story telling and the rest will do itself, if you are a programmer.
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