讲故事与叙事2014kangleelab.com
经典的道德故事能培养孩子的诚实吗?
Can Classic Moral Stories Promote Honesty in Children? [pdf]
导读
这篇论文研究经典道德故事能否促进儿童诚实:孩子先被留在诱惑情境中,随后听道德故事或对照故事,再被询问是否作弊。对写作者来说,它提醒我们故事不只传递道理,还会影响读者在具体情境中的行为与自我认同。
可以直接用的写作要点
- 01
道德故事的效果不是自动发生的,写劝诫故事时要考虑读者所处的具体情境和接受故事的时机。
- 02
与其只靠惩罚威胁制造恐惧,不如塑造值得追求的正面理想或身份认同,往往更能引导行为。
- 03
写作前要想清楚故事的目标:是事前预防行为,还是事后鼓励坦白,两者需要不同的叙事策略。
- 04
写关于诚实的成长故事时,接纳与理解比道德灌输更有力量,避免把恐惧写成唯一的教育手段。
HN 评论精选
正面身份认同比惩罚威胁更能引导行为。
多年前我读过一项关于减少警局腐败和滥用职权的研究。研究显示,培养职业认同感的项目,比给内部事务部门增加权力和人力更有效。也许对大多数人来说,有一个积极理想去追求,比惩罚威胁更好。
wwweston查看英文原文
Years ago, I read study about reducing corruption/abuse in police departments. It suggested that programs designed to promote a professional identity was more effective than more weight/manpower behind internal affairs. Maybe for most humans a positive ideal to strive for is better than the threat of punishment.
研究应区分故事在作弊前预防还是作弊后促使坦白。
实验中,孩子们被单独留下1分钟,并被要求不要偷看玩具。由于情境极具诱惑,研究预计多数孩子会作弊。在质问他们是否作弊之前,实验者给每个孩子读三则道德故事之一或一则对照故事。如果还有一组能在实验者离开房间前就用故事影响孩子,会很有意思:这样可以测试不同故事如何影响作弊决定,而不只是事后的诚实。
jedunnigan查看英文原文
>During the game, children were left alone for 1 min and told not to cheat by peeking at the toy. Because of the highly tempting nature of the situation, most children were expected to cheat (e.g., Talwar & Lee, 2002). Before confronting them with the question of whether they had cheated, an experimenter read one of three moral stories or a control story to each child. It would have been interesting if they had another group where they primed the children with the story before walking out of the room. Test to see how the various stories effect the decision to cheat, not just the honesty after the fact.
恐惧和道德灌输会压抑真我,接纳比塑造更能培养诚实。
人们早就知道,惩罚和奖励对人际影响效果有限(例如 French 和 Raven 1959 年的《社会权力基础》)。恐惧是儿童撒谎的一大因素,而恐惧的负面副作用是压抑自然倾向,最终真我被压制,假我成为人格的重要部分。你在社会中普遍存在的自恋特质中能看到这一点。研究这些话题时,我最惊讶的发现是:道德灌输教给孩子施虐和受虐行为,这些行为在成年后表现为向自己的孩子进行道德灌输的载体,并让循环继续。接纳孩子本来的样子,不试图把他们塑造成父母想要的样子,对培养诚实孩子很有帮助。
j7531查看英文原文
It has been long known that punishment and reward are ineffective for interpersonal influence (e.g., see French and Raven's "The bases of social power" from 1959). Fear is a big factor in children lying. And the nasty side effect of fear is that it leads to repressions of natural inclinations, and eventually a part of the true self becomes suppressed, and a false self becomes a big part of the character. You can see this in the endemic existence of narcissistic character traits in our society. While studying these topics, the most surprising realization for me was that moral indoctrination teaches children sadistic and masochistic behavior, which then manifests in adulthood as vectors of moral indoctrination towards their children (besides other undesirable behavior in society), and the cycle continues. Accepting a child for who they are, and not trying to influence them into what the parent wants them to be, goes a long way towards making an honest child.
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